This article investigates the involvement of the European Parliament (EP) in the preparations of the new EU external action financing instrument (2018–2021). From an explorative perspective, we analyse how the EP contributed to the changes in EU development policy discourse that prepared this fundamental reform, and to the reform itself by promoting its priorities and preferences during the negotiations. We propose three potential research directions on the EP's role in European development policy and the changing function of this field within external policies. The analysis of the negotiation process describes how the EP used its co-legislative role to introduce changes to its other two development policy roles: budgetary control and supervision. The complex nature of the new instrument and the perspectives of the co-legislators create uncertainty on how these changes will affect the EP's influence on the EU's development policy, and how the instrument will reform established development policy approaches.
This article investigates the involvement of the European Parliament (EP) in the preparations of the new EU external action financing instrument (2018–2021). From an explorative perspective, we analyse how the EP contributed to the changes in EU development policy discourse that prepared this fundamental reform, and to the reform itself by promoting its priorities and preferences during the negotiations. We propose three potential research directions on the EP's role in European development policy and the changing function of this field within external policies. The analysis of the negotiation process describes how the EP used its co-legislative role to introduce changes to its other two development policy roles: budgetary control and supervision. The complex nature of the new instrument and the perspectives of the co-legislators create uncertainty on how these changes will affect the EP's influence on the EU's development policy, and how the instrument will reform established development policy approaches.
This article investigates the involvement of the European Parliament (EP) in the preparations of the new EU external action financing instrument (2018–2021). From an explorative perspective, we analyse how the EP contributed to the changes in EU development policy discourse that prepared this fundamental reform, and to the reform itself by promoting its priorities and preferences during the negotiations. We propose three potential research directions on the EP's role in European development policy and the changing function of this field within external policies. The analysis of the negotiation process describes how the EP used its co-legislative role to introduce changes to its other two development policy roles: budgetary control and supervision. The complex nature of the new instrument and the perspectives of the co-legislators create uncertainty on how these changes will affect the EP's influence on the EU's development policy, and how the instrument will reform established development policy approaches.
Chers clients,
Dans le cadre de la modernisation du centre de Ganhi, les locaux du Mojito - ainsi que ceux du marché et de toutes les boutiques attenantes - vont prochainement être fermés (à compter du 31.10.2021) et démolis le temps de la construction (prévue sur 18 mois) d'un nouveau centre commercial moderne.
Toute l'équipe du Mojito vous remercie pour votre fidélité depuis 11 années et vous donne rendez-vous très prochainement dans un nouveau cadre de convivialité et de détente !
Restez connectés et à très vite !
Le Mojito
Le pouvoir d’achat du citoyen algérien ne cesse de faiblir. Spéculation, IRG, pandémie de covid-19 sont tous à l’origine de cette crise inflationniste. Mais, la dévaluation du Dinars y est pour quelque chose. Il suffit de jeter un coup d’œil sur les cotations commerciales affiché par la banque d’Algérie pour voir à quel point la monnaie nationale recule.
Sur le marché noir, les choses ne se passent pas mieux. D’ailleurs, un euro équivaut à 214,5 dinars algériens à la vente et à 212,5 dinars algériens à l’achat. Cette hausse se justifie notamment par la reprise et l’intensification des dessertes maritimes et aériennes entre l’Algérie et plusieurs destinations européennes.
Idem pour le dollar qui reste excessivement cher par rapport au dinar algérien. Un seul dollar est cédé par les cambistes du Square Port-Saïd, dans la capitale Alger contre 182,5 dinars algériens à l’achat et contre 185,5 dinars algériens à la vente.
Enfin, la prestigieuse livre sterling reste indétrônable. Ce vendredi 29 octobre, un seul pound s’échange au marché noir contre 239,5 Dinars algériens à la vente et contre 242,5 Dinars algériens à l’achat.
Les cotations officielles ce vendredi 29 octobre.Le tableau des cours des principales monnaies sur le marché interbancaire des changes d’Alger fait état d’un euro contre 158.9714 dinars à l’achat et 159.0436 dinars à la vente. On constate une légère baisse par rapport aux cotation d’hier 28 octobre.
D’un autre côté, un seul dollar est cédé aux guichets de la banque d’Algérie contre 137.1507 dinars à l’achat et contre 137.1657 dinars à la vente. Enfin la livre sterling s’échange ce vendredi 28 octobre 188.5751 dinars à l’achat et contre 188.6476 dinars algériens à la vente. Une légère hausse par rapport aux cotations d’hier.
L’article Devises : taux de change du Dinar ce 29 octobre est apparu en premier sur .
The abundance of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere once again reached a new record last year, with the annual rate of increase above the 2011-2020 average, according to the World Meteorological Organization. Credit: Bigstock
By Baher Kamal
MADRID, Oct 29 2021 (IPS)
Another Year Another Record! The emissions of greenhouse gases continue to rise, the land and sea temperatures are higher than ever since there are records, and the ecosystems could fail their role as vital sinks absorbing carbon dioxide and as a buffer against larger temperature increases.
“The abundance of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere once again reached a new record last year, with the annual rate of increase above the 2011-2020 average. That trend has continued in 2021.”
This is how the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) warns in the Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, released just five days ahead of the UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) (31 October – 12 Novembre) in Glasgow. In it, the world organisation reports that the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) –the most important greenhouse gas– reached 413.2 parts per million in 2020 and is 149% of the pre-industrial level.
But what is carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere for centuries and in the ocean for even longer. The last time the Earth experienced a comparable concentration of CO2 was 3-5 million years ago, when the temperature was 2-3°C warmer and sea level was 10-20 meters higher than now
Carbon dioxide is the single most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, accounting for approximately 66% of the warming effect on the climate, mainly because of fossil fuel combustion and cement production.
As long as emissions continue, global temperature will continue to rise. Given the long life of CO2, the temperature level already observed will persist for several decades even if emissions are rapidly reduced to net zero, warns WMO.
And what is methane?
Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas which remains in the atmosphere for about a decade, the world organisation explains.
Methane accounts for about 16% of the warming effect of long-lived greenhouse gases, according to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Approximately 40% of methane is emitted into the atmosphere by natural sources (for example, wetlands and termites), and about 60% comes from anthropogenic sources (for example, ruminants, rice agriculture, fossil fuel exploitation, landfills and biomass burning)
Methane (CH4) is 262% and nitrous oxide (N2O) is 123% of the levels in 1750 when human activities started disrupting Earth’s natural equilibrium.
What is nitrous oxide?
According to the World Meteorological Organisation, nitrous oxide is both a powerful greenhouse gas and ozone depleting chemical. It accounts for about 7% of the radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases.
N2O is emitted into the atmosphere from both natural sources (approximately 60%) and anthropogenic sources (approximately 40%), including oceans, soils, biomass burning, fertilizer use, and various industrial processes.
Will ecosystems fail their role as sinks?
The Greenhouse Gas Bulletin flags concern that the ability of land ecosystems and oceans to act as “sinks” may become less effective in future, thus reducing their ability to absorb carbon dioxide and act as a buffer against larger temperature increases.
And it shows that from 1990 to 2020, radiative forcing – the warming effect on our climate – by long-lived greenhouse gases increased by 47%, with CO2 accounting for about 80% of this rise.
But what are carbon sinks?
See what the World Meteorological Organisation says:
— Roughly half of the CO2 emitted by human activities today remains in the atmosphere. The other half is taken up by oceans and land ecosystems. The part of CO2 which remains in the atmosphere, is an important indicator of the balance between sources and sinks. It changes from year to year due to natural variability.
— Land and ocean CO2 sinks have increased proportionally with the increasing emissions in the past 60 years. But these uptake processes are sensitive to climate and land-use changes. Changes in the effectiveness of carbon sinks would have strong implications for reaching the goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement and will require adjustments in the timing and/or size of the emission reduction commitments.
— Ongoing climate change and related feedbacks, like more frequent droughts and the connected increased occurrence and intensification of wildfires might reduce CO2 uptake by land ecosystems. Such changes are already happening, and the Bulletin gives an example of the transition of the part of Amazonia from a carbon sink to a carbon source.
Ocean uptake might also be reduced due to higher sea surface temperatures, decreased pH due to CO2 uptake and slowing of the meridional ocean circulation due to increased melting of sea ice.
“The Greenhouse Gas Bulletin contains a stark, scientific message for climate change negotiators at COP26. At the current rate of increase in greenhouse gas concentrations, we will see a temperature increase by the end of this century far in excess of the Paris Agreement targets of 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels,” said WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.
Off track
“Carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere for centuries and in the ocean for even longer. The last time the Earth experienced a comparable concentration of CO2 was 3-5 million years ago, when the temperature was 2-3°C warmer and sea level was 10-20 meters higher than now. But there weren’t 7.8 billion people then,” said Taalas.
WMO concludes that, alongside rising temperatures, the world would witness more weather extremes including intense heat and rainfall, ice melt, sea-level rise and ocean acidification, accompanied by far-reaching socio-economic impacts.
Enough reasons to worry? And to act? Before judging, please know that Governments plan to double the production of energy from fossil fuels!
Après un automne sec et une pluviométrie avare, les changements climatiques s’installent. Le week-end passé, des pluies abondantes se sont abattu sur plusieurs wilayas notamment Alger et Relizane. Des inondations ont été enregistrées dans plusieurs quartiers à l’instar de Saoula ou trois victimes ont perdu la vie.
Durant cette semaine, plusieurs wilayas du pays notamment celle de l’Est ont aussi connu des perturbations climatiques. Les températures baissent de plus en plus et le Soleil se fait évincer par des nuages. D’ailleurs, l’Office National de la Météorologie publie régulièrement des alertes météo.
Les prévisions de ce 29 octobrePour ce vendredi 29 octobre, Météo Algérie prévoit des pluies orageuses dans certaines wilayas du pays. Cette fois-ci les pluies s’abattront sur le Sud algérien. La même source indique que Tamanrasset, Illizi, Adrar, Ain Salah seront concernées.
Dans son alerte, l’Office National de la Météorologie précise que les quantités de pluies attendues atteindront 15 ml localement. Le bulletin de l’ONM prendra effet à partir de l’après midi de ce vendredi et expirera à minuit.
Pour ce qui est des températures, elles oscilleront entre 21° et 24° sur les régions côtières. De 16° à 24° au niveau des Aures, des hauts plateaux et des régions de l’intérieur du pays. Enfin, de 18° à 38° sur les régions sahariennes.
L’article Alerte météo : pluies orageuses sur 4 autres wilayas est apparu en premier sur .