The research data described below was produced by the Working Paper titled "Russia’s Nuclear Signaling in the War Against Ukraine: A Chronology of the Biden Era" covering the period between February 24, 2022, and November 2025. The project traces Russian and Western political interactions with a nuclear dimension following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, building on the current state of research in International Relations and deterrence theory to address the question of how to interpret nuclear rhetoric. The central objective is to understand how nuclear interactions unfolded in the context of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. In particular, the project brings the following questions to the fore: What statements and actions with a nuclear dimension did Russia and the West make in the context of the invasion? What reactions did Russia's nuclear rhetoric trigger among Western states? And in turn, how did Russia react to Western rejoinders, warnings, and counter-threats? To answer these research questions, the researchers collected all politically significant statements and actions by the Russian Federation and Western states, particularly the United States and NATO allies, with a nuclear dimension. The publication was produced under the leadership of Dr Liviu Horovitz from the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP) and Dr Michal Smetana from the Peace Research Center Prague (PRCP). The project was financed through the Strategic Threat Analysis and Nuclear (Dis-)Order (STAND) project at SWP, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Defence, and from summer 2024 onwards also by funding available to the PRCP. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive chronology of the nuclear rhetoric and escalation management strategies employed by Russia and the West in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
The data covers the following time period: 01.02.2022-01.11.2025
Digital and artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems now shape all phases of international migration – from the pre-screening of applications and profiles to border management and the integration of migrants. States, international organisations, and private providers use digital platforms, biometric systems, and algorithmic processes to manage migration in a more targeted way. At the same time, migrants themselves use digital tools to obtain information, prepare decisions, and secure access to work or support. This development is changing migration not only operationally but also structurally: It enables new forms of digital labour mobility, shifts power relations and dependencies, and embeds migration into a global data economy. For Germany and the European Union (EU), the question arises as to how digitalisation and AI can be shaped in terms of migration, foreign, and development policy so as to deliver efficiency gains in administration and procedures, without undermining data protection, equal treatment, and human-rights standards.
Am 15. Januar 2026 hat die tschechische Abgeordnetenkammer der von Andrej Babiš geführten Koalitionsregierung das Vertrauen ausgesprochen. Damit wurde der Prozess des Machtwechsels abgeschlossen, der durch die Parlamentswahlen von Anfang Oktober 2025 eingeleitet worden war. Das Regierungsbündnis aus der Partei ANO des Ministerpräsidenten, der ultranationalistischen SPD und der rechtsnationalen Autofahrerpartei (»Motoristen«) hat sich in der Außen- und Europapolitik einen Kurswechsel auf die Fahnen geschrieben. Es will von der proeuropäischen und Ukraine-freundlichen Politik der Mitte-Rechts-Regierung des Premierministers Fiala abrücken. Ungeachtet einer markigen Rhetorik und der radikalen Parolen der schwer kontrollierbaren kleineren Koalitionsparteien, wird es aber in der politischen Praxis nicht zu einer Kehrtwende, sondern eher zu einer graduellen Neuausrichtung kommen. Ministerpräsident Babiš sieht sich trotz der Kritik an der Vorgängerregierung auch als Garant von Kontinuität und vor allem als Pragmatiker. Deutschland sollte daher weiter einen Ansatz des Engagements und der Kooperation mit Tschechien verfolgen.