- In the contemporary environment, economic diplomacy encompasses four key dimensions: (a) trade/investment diplomacy, (b) the diplomacy of international rules and agreements, (c) development cooperation, and (d) economic security diplomacy.
- In Greece, the system of economic diplomacy is organised around the General Secretariat of International Economic Relations and Openness of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the same time, other ministries and government services also play an important role, creating a complex institutional ecosystem in which coordination is necessary in order to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the relevant actions.
- Although the importance of economic diplomacy is recognised and relevant initiatives have been undertaken in the right direction, both at the level of organisation and at the level of actions, the main challenges that Greek economic diplomacy continues to face are: (a) the absence of a holistic approach and strategy, (b) the tackling of bureaucracy and business barriers, (c) limited resources, and (d) insufficient recognition of its value.
- International practices, such as the Team Finland network, the French model of special representatives for economic diplomacy, as well as the national strategies of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom for the creation of a national economic identity, constitute some good practices followed in Europe and may, under certain conditions and with appropriate adjustments, inform relevant Greek initiatives.
- The policy recommendations are structured on the basis of three categories:
- Structure and organisation:
- Strengthening Enterprise Greece,
- Reorganisation of the recruitment and training system for officials of the Offices of Economic and Commercial Affairs (OEY).
- Operations and adaptability:
- Enhancing relations with local and sectoral chambers of commerce,
- Establishing a formal consultation mechanism for direct interaction with the “users” of economic diplomacy,
- Modernising procedures, following a detailed mapping of the needs and obstacles faced by the stakeholders involved,
- Providing tailored services by Offices of Economic and Commercial Affairs based on the size, and therefore the needs, of businesses,
- Better utilising the Greek diaspora and Greek communities abroad.
- Formulation of a strategy for economic diplomacy:
- National dimension:
- Creation of a National Strategy for Economic Diplomacy with a horizon beyond 2030, with a central role given to the geoeconomic dimensions of economic diplomacy,
- Raising the visibility of a unified Greek “brand name”.
- European Dimension:
- Promoting the idea of establishing a European Export Credit Agency, while recognising the relevant reservations expressed by our partners in the EU – the Greek Presidency of the Council of Ministers in 2027 could provide an opportunity to further explore this idea,
- Achieving a positive “pillar assessment”, in order for Greek institutions to become eligible for the financing of actions in third countries,
- Promoting and implementing, particularly during the Greek Presidency of the Council of the EU in 2027, measures aimed at completing the Single Market, on the basis of the Draghi and Letta reports,
- Increasing the number of Greeks serving in key positions in European institutions, as well as hosting new European agencies in cities across Greece.
Read here in pdf the Policy paper by Spyros Blavoukos, Professor, Athens University of Economics & Business; Senior Research Fellow and Head of the ‘Ariane Condellis’ European Programme, ELIAMEP; Panos Politis Lamprou, Research Fellow, European Institutions & Policies, ELIAMEP; Panagiota Pagoni, Research Assistant Trainee (January–September 2025).