Éducation : l'apprentissage de la langue macédonienne est-il menacé ?
Langues : le macédonien est-il menacé de disparition ?
Et la télé macédonienne découvrit le bilinguisme
Macédoine : un nom et une langue toujours contestés par les pays voisins
Loi sur l'utilisation des langues en Macédoine : « un bilinguisme artificiel imposé du haut »
Éducation : l'apprentissage de la langue macédonienne est-il menacé ?
Langues : le macédonien est-il menacé de disparition ?
Et la télé macédonienne découvrit le bilinguisme
Macédoine : un nom et une langue toujours contestés par les pays voisins
Loi sur l'utilisation des langues en Macédoine : « un bilinguisme artificiel imposé du haut »
A family walks past a heavily damaged building in Borodianka, Ukraine. Multiple threats are converging to leave families reeling. But putting children at the centre of the response can help shape a brighter future. Credit: UNICEF/UN0765276/Filippov
By Jasmina Byrne
UNITED NATIONS, Feb 14 2023 (IPS)
The year 2022 was incredibly difficult for people around the world. We were confronted by a series of major crises, including a continuing pandemic, a major war in Europe, an energy crisis, rising inflation and food insecurity.
These events hit children particularly hard, compounding the already severe impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Millions of children had to flee their homes because of conflict or extreme weather events. At the same time, child malnutrition and the number of children in need of humanitarian assistance rose.
The war in Ukraine, for example, has led to higher food and energy prices, which in turn has contributed to rising global hunger and inflation. Efforts to address inflation through rising interest rates in the US have driven up the value of the dollar against other currencies, making developing countries’ imports, debt repayments and their ability to access external financing more difficult.
As we explain in our new report, ‘Prospects for Children in the Polycrisis: A 2023 Global Outlook’, these realities have added up to what has been termed a ‘polycrisis’ – multiple, simultaneous crises that are strongly interdependent.
As we look to 2023, it’s clear that the polycrisis is likely to continue shaping children’s lives. The effects of these intertwined and far-reaching trends will be difficult to untangle, and solutions will be difficult to find as policymakers struggle to keep up with multiple urgent needs.
The situation is particularly dire in economically developing countries. Higher food and energy prices have contributed to a rise in global hunger and malnourishment, with children among the most affected.
The polycrisis is also limiting access to healthcare for many children, making it harder for them to receive treatment and routine vaccinations. Recovery from learning losses caused by the closure of schools will be slow and felt for years to come, while the shift to remote learning has left children from low-income families facing the greatest challenges in catching up.
At the same time, the combination of higher financing needs, soaring inflation and a tighter fiscal outlook will widen the education financing gap needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
Climate change, too, is also a part of this polycrisis, with visible effects, including devastating floods in Pakistan and droughts in East Africa, making it harder for children to access education, food and healthcare, and causing widespread displacement of populations.
All these factors have led UNICEF to estimate that 300 million children will be in need of humanitarian assistance this year. This staggering number highlights the urgency for international organizations and governments to step in and provide assistance.
But the polycrisis doesn’t have to lead to further instability or, ultimately, systemic breakdown. Some of the stresses we saw in 2022 have already weakened, and new opportunities may arise to alleviate the situation.
For example, food and oil prices have dropped from their peaks, and good harvests in some countries may help to lower global food prices. Fortunately, we know there are solutions and strategies that work.
One potential solution is to increase investment in social protection programmes, such as cash transfers and food assistance, which can help alleviate the immediate economic impacts of the polycrisis on families. These programmes can also help to build resilience and reduce vulnerabilities.
The establishment of learning recovery programmes will help tackle the learning losses and prevent children from falling further behind. And early prevention, detection and treatment plans for severe child malnutrition have been effective in reducing child wasting.
Ultimately, a coordinated and collective effort is needed to protect the rights and well-being of children. This includes not only providing immediate assistance but also addressing the underlying causes of the polycrisis and building resilience for the future.
This cannot be achieved without a more coordinated and collective effort from international organizations and governments to help mitigate the effects of the polycrisis and protect children’s futures.
And, crucially, we must listen to children and young people themselves so that we can understand the future they want to build and live in. In fact, we followed this approach when we were assessing trends for ‘Prospects for Children in the Polycrisis’, asking young people from across the world age 16 to 29 to give us their views on some of the challenges their generation faces.
It’s critical that we take action to protect the most vulnerable among us. The future may be uncertain, but by working together we can help to build a better future for our children.
Jasmina Byrne is Chief of Foresight and Policy, UNICEF Innocenti – Global Office of Research and Foresight.
‘Prospects for Children in the Polycrisis: A 2023 Global Outlook’, produced by UNICEF Innocenti – Office of Global Research and Foresight, unpacks the trends that will impact children over the next 12 months.
Source: UNICEF
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Les députés de la 9e législature se retrouvent mardi 14 février 2023 au palais des gouverneurs à Porto-Novo. Ils vont procéder à l'installation des différentes commissions permanentes.
Après l'élection des membres du bureau dimanche 12 février, les 109 députés de la 9e législature sont attendus au parlement mardi 14 février 2023. Les travaux en plénière seront consacrés à l'installation des différentes commissions permanentes. Les commissions tant qu'organes techniques de l'institution parlementaire sont au nombre de 05. Il s'agit de la Commission des Lois, de l'Administration et des Droits de l'Homme ; de la Commission des Finances et des Echanges ; de la Commission du Plan, de l'Equipement et de Production ; de la Commission de l'Education, de la Culture, de l'Emploi et des Affaires Sociales ; et de la Commission des Relations Extérieures, de la Coopération au Développement, de la Défense et de la Sécurité.
La représentation nationale va également procéder ce mardi, à la constitution des groupes parlementaires. Une étape importante avant l'installation des commissions permanentes. Chaque groupe parlementaire devant présenter au bureau, la liste de ses candidats aux différentes commissions, et veiller à ce qu'elle soit proportionnelle à la représentativité du groupe au sein de l'Assemblée. Les députés non-inscrits présentent au Bureau leurs candidatures à la commission de leur choix.
Seul le groupe parlementaire Les Démocrates du parti d'opposition est constitué. Les deux autres partis politiques représentés à l'Assemblée nationale à savoir, l'Union Progressiste le Renouveau (UPR) et le Bloc Républicain (BR) ne sont pas encore constitués.
F. A. A.
Sierra Leone’s women are now guaranteed 30 percent of all political positions in national and local government, the civil service and in private enterprises that employ more than 25 employees. Credit: Annie Spratt/Unsplash
By Francis Kokutse
FREETOWN, Feb 14 2023 (IPS)
Sierra Leone’s new gender equality law will benefit women with political aspirations – as well as stimulate development, say analysts.
The country’s President, Julius Maada Bio, signed the new Gender Equality and Women Empowerment into law in January 2023. It has shaken the foundations of previously held ideologies that restricted females’ involvement in various aspects of the country’s life.
Reacting to the enactment of the law, Janet Bangoura, a 35-year-old administrative worker in the capital, Freetown, said: “A year ago, I only nursed the dream of ever becoming a politician because the playing field has never been equal for women. This has changed with the signing of the Gender Equality and Women Empowerment (GEWE Act 2022), which guarantees at least 30 percent of female participation in Parliament and at least 30 percent of all diplomatic appointments to be filled by women.”
In addition, the law stipulates that not less than 30 percent of all positions in Local Councils should be reserved for women, same with 30 percent of all jobs in the civil service and at least 30 percent of jobs in private institutions with 25 and more employees. It also extends maternal leave extended from 12 weeks to 14 weeks.
Sierra Leone’s President, Julius Maada Bio, signing the Gender Equality and Women Empowerment Bill into law. Credit: Francis Kokutse/IPS
Bangoura sees this new law as “shaking the status quo because it has brought a change that women of my generation had not expected. Now, we do not have any excuse but to seek our dreams in the political field. I know things will not immediately change, but the foundation has been laid for those of us who want to break the political glass ceiling.”
It is not only the women who are happy that the country has achieved the “unthinkable”. With the coming into force by this law, Sierra Leoneans of all ages and sexes are glad their country has overtaken neighbouring countries in the West African region by taking the lead in giving equality to women. Though such a law has been talked about by the countries in the region, the head of the United Nations Women’s office in Sierra Leone, Setcheme Jeronime Mongbo, said the September 2022 data on women’s representation in English West Africa shows that Ghana has 14.8 percent of women in Parliament, Gambia, 11.6 percent, Liberia, 9.7 percent and Nigeria, 7,2 percent, adding that, “Sierra Leone is leading the way.”
Minister of Gender and Children’s Affairs, Manty Tarawalli welcomed the law, which she said has been late in coming but noted that it was better late than never. She attributed the lateness in enacting the law to the lack of political will that existed before. This changed with the current President’s role, adding that, “The climate wasn’t right in terms of women’s readiness and men not being accommodating for this sort of growth until now.”
Tarawalli said Sierra Leone was a “typical” African society. “We know the way things are, and to effect that sort of change that really needs a transformation and what shakes the status quo, it required time and understanding from both men and women for the change to happen.”
She said there were initial challenges in discussing the Bill. So, they had to cross massive hurdles to be able to change “the conversation from rights-based to economic growth, and it changed organically from our consultation,” adding that “those who were opposed became willing and ready to have the conversation.”
Tarawalli was of the view that the law was about economic growth meant to move Sierra Leone to a middle-income country, adding that “this cannot happen when 52 percent of the country’s population who are women are outside the economy and leadership position.”
She identified the unwillingness of men to accommodate women when they start getting into companies and institutions as a challenge they anticipate and said there was, therefore, the need to put in place structures to create a network to support females who will be in elective positions to know there is help for them.
Tarawalli said they would educate women to understand that “economic empowerment does not mean neglecting their duties as mothers and wives at home by abandoning the care of their children and other things that are expected of them. We will also make the men understand that economic empowerment contributes to the community and contributes to Sierra Leone.”
Speaking just before he appended his signature to the Bill, Bio said the law has come to address the gender imbalances in the country comprehensively, and among other things, the provisions under the law provide for “inclusion, representation, participation, and a more responsive posture on gender.”
Bio said his signature on the law was to announce that a change has come to “our great country” and assured the country’s girls that it is a license for them to “get quality education, work hard and aspire beyond their wildest imagination to be the best at anything they do.”
“With this law, we break barriers to parliamentary representation and look forward to a more vibrant and diverse parliament with greater numbers of women and women’s voices. When compiling their proportional representation lists, I urge political parties to go beyond the legal minimum of the number of women,” he said.
Bio said his assent to the GEWE Bill has put the country on an irreversible path to achieving a more inclusive, equal, more just, more resilient, more sustainable, and more prosperous society for generations to come, adding that “with more women on the ballots, women voting, more women winning, and more women in Parliament, the country’s politics and the future of Sierra Leone will improve.”
It was his hope that the law would see more women in leadership and politics and more men supporting and acknowledging the central status of women as we work together for a vibrant, prosperous, inclusive, and democratic Sierra Leone. In addition, he believes the law ensures women equal access to credit and other financial services. To make it effective, those who discriminate on the basis of gender could face up to five years in prison as well as fines.
“Women dominate the informal economy, and data has shown that they are better at doing business, managing investments, and managing proceeds from those investments. Beyond that, as a government, we are eager to work with the private sector to create more jobs for women, harness business cultures that promote diversity and inclusion, and invest in training programmes tailored to create more job opportunities for women,” Bio said.
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Jens Stoltenberg újságíróknak nyilatkozva közölte: mivel az ukrajnai háború hatalmas mennyiségű lőszert és hadianyagot emészt fel, ezért növelni kell ezek gyártását az előállítási kapacitásba való befektetések fokozásával. “Putyin és Oroszország továbbra is Ukrajna irányítására törekszik. Azt látjuk, hogy még több csapatot, még több fegyvert, még több képességet küld Ukrajnába” – fogalmazott.
Mivel nincs jele annak, hogy Putyin a békére készülne, folytatni kell Ukrajna támogatását egyebek mellett logisztikai segítségnyújtás által, valamint muníció, üzemanyag és alkatrészek, lőszerek és a harckocsik biztosításával, hogy a megtámadott ország eredményeket tudjon elérni a harctéren” – mondta.
“Sürgősen kulcsfontosságú képességek átadására van szükség Ukrajna számára, mielőtt Oroszország a csatatéren magához ragadhatná a kezdeményezést” – fogalmazott.
A NATO-tagállamok miniszterei kedden várhatóan repülőgépek esetleges szállításáról is tárgyalnak majd – tájékoztatott a főtitkár, majd hozzátette: az Ukrajnának vadászrepülőket szállító NATO-országok nem teszik a szövetséget a konfliktus részesévé.
Az Egyesült Államok felett február 3-án észlelt, majd az amerikai hadsereg által lelőtt kínai megfigyelő léggömbbel kapcsolatban a főtitkár kérdésre válaszolva azt mondta, az ismétlődő incidensek rávilágítanak arra, hogy a NATO-nak ébernek kell maradnia. A látottak azt mutatják, hogy Kína és Oroszország is fokozza a NATO-szövetségesek megfigyelését – közölte.
A főtitkár ezzel összefüggésben közölte: a NATO biztosítani kívánja megfigyelési és hírszerzési tevékenységét az “egyre sűrűbbé váló” világűrben is egy új műhold pályára állításával. Az új eszköz támogatni hivatott a NATO-missziókat és -műveleteket, lehetővé teszi továbbá adatok megosztását, megkönnyíti a tájékozódást, a kommunikációt és esetleges rakétakilövések előrejelzését. A védelmi miniszterek lépéseket fognak tenni a létfontosságú tenger alatti infrastruktúra védelmének fokozására is – mondta Stoltenberg. Bejelentette, hogy a kedden kezdődő tanácskozáson részt vesz Olekszij Reznyikov ukrán védelmi miniszter is.
Stoltenberg reményét fejezte ki, hogy mindezen célok elérésének érdekében a tagországok mihamarabb teljesítik azon 2014-es kötelezettségvállalásukat, amely szerint 2024-ig közelíteni kell védelmi kiadásaikat a bruttó hazai termékük (GDP) két százalékához.
Nem kívánja meghosszabbítani mandátumát a NATO főtitkára
Nem kívánja ismét meghosszabbítani szeptember 30-ig szóló mandátumát Jens Stoltenberg NATO-főtitkár – jelentette ki erről szóló lapértesülésekre reagálva szombat éjjel Oana Lungescua. A főtitkár szóvivője közölte, a NATO-főtitkár nem kéri mandátumának további hosszabbítását, és a terveknek megfelelően még idén távozik posztjáról. Emlékeztetett, Stoltenberg NATO-főtitkári mandátumát háromszor hosszabbították meg, és összesen csaknem kilenc évig szolgált a szervezet élén.
Stoltenberg, a 63 éves egykori norvég miniszterelnök 2014. október 1. óta tölti be a NATO-főtitkári tisztséget. Eredetileg négy évre választották meg, megbízatását 2017-ben, majd 2019-ben újabb két évvel meghosszabbították. Ő az észak-atlanti szövetség 13. főtitkára. A leköszönő NATO-főtitkár 2021. december közepén megpályázta a norvég jegybank elnöki posztját, amelyet az oslói intézmény február eleji bejelentése szerint elnyert.
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