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From 5 to 8 November, the OSCE gathered representatives of Moldovan law enforcement agencies in a series of meetings to strengthen their capabilities in detecting and investigating illicit trafficking, with a focus on small arms and light weapons (SALW).
The discussions included proposed amendments to the legislative framework and assessments of training and equipment needs for Moldovan law enforcement. These enhancements are expected to improve detection, search and seizure operations, elevating the quality of investigations and evidence-gathering in SALW trafficking cases.
Facilitated by the OSCE on 6 November, the second meeting of the inter-institutional working group included 19 representatives from the Ministry of Interior, General Police Inspectorate, the General Border Police Inspectorate, the Customs Service, and the Prosecutor’s Office for Combating Serious Organized Crime and Special Cases. The group was established in September 2024 as part of Moldova's National Action Plan for EU Accession (2024-2027) and aims to align the national legal framework with EU standards. Insights from this meeting will guide legislative and regulatory analyses and support amendments to bolster the authorities’ operational efficiency.
To evaluate detection and investigation capacities of illicit trafficking, particularly SALW-related, the OSCE conducted various on-site assessments at the General Police Inspectorate’s Forensic and Judicial Expertise Centre and regional police stations, focusing on the equipment needed for effective operations. The OSCE collaborated with international partners such as the South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (FRONTEX).
These activities are funded by the UK Government as part of the “Support to the Law Enforcement Agencies in Moldova in Response to the Security Challenges in the Region” extra-budgetary project.
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A child receiving his second dose of the polio vaccine at a health clinic in Gaza City. Credit: UNICEF/ Eyad El Baba
By Oritro Karim
UNITED NATIONS, Nov 8 2024 (IPS)
On November 6, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the second round of polio vaccinations in the Gaza Strip has been completed. A total of 556,744 children under ten years of age received the mOPV2 vaccine along with a dose of vitamin A to ensure immunization. However, due to rampant hostilities from the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), the campaign has not been entirely successful, leading to humanitarian organizations fearing that herd immunity has not been achieved.
During a United Nations (UN) press briefing, Spokesperson for the Secretary-General Stéphane Dujarric informed reporters that despite the numerous access challenges faced by aid personnel, the campaign has been relatively successful. Approximately 103 percent of children in central Gaza were immunized, meaning that more children in this region were reached than expected. 91 percent of the children in southern Gaza received the vaccines.
However, northern Gaza has been of great concern for humanitarian groups due to frequent access challenges and hostilities since September. Preliminary data from the UN suggests that only 88 percent of children in this region received the vaccine.
Figures from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) show that there are an estimated 7,000-10,000 children that remain unvaccinated in the Jabalia, Beit Lahiya and Beit Hanoun regions.
According to a press release from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, at least 90 percent vaccination coverage during each round of the campaign is necessary in order to effectively stop the outbreak in Gaza and prevent the international re-emergence of polio. Due to Gaza’s compromised healthcare, water, and sanitation systems, civilians are particularly vulnerable to the spread of disease.
Escalated hostilities in the Gaza Strip in the days preceding the completion of the second round of vaccinations had significantly hampered immunization efforts. Despite the campaigns in central and southern Gaza having run relatively smoothly, hostilities in northern Gaza in the days preceding the completion of the second round of vaccinations had significantly hampered immunization efforts.
On November 2, the IDF issued an airstrike on a healthcare center in the Sheikh Radwan district of Gaza City. WHO reported that this attack led to six civilians being injured, including four children.
“This attack, during humanitarian pause, jeopardizes the sanctity of health protection for children and may deter parents from bringing their children for vaccination. These vital humanitarian-area-specific pauses must be absolutely respected,” said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO, in a statement issued to X (formerly known as Twitter).
Attacks in the Gaza Strip have continued after the humanitarian pause designated for the vaccination campaign was lifted. The recent bills passed by the Knesset exacerbate the humanitarian crisis in Gaza as The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) can no longer play their pivotal role in providing aid.
Israel’s ongoing aerial campaign in Gaza has killed over 43,000 Palestinians, decimated entire neighborhoods, and made areas in the northern region, such as Jabalia, Beit Lahiya, and Beit Hanoun almost uninhabitable.
In a press release from WHO, the situation in northern Gaza has been described as “apocalyptic”. It added that dozens of school-turned-shelters have been targeted by the IDF or evacuated. Tents have been burned and refugees have been shot at. Injured civilians are taken to almost non-functioning healthcare centers, in which life-saving services have been disrupted and essential supplies and equipment have been destroyed.
Additionally, millions have been displaced from their homes, with Gaza being one of the biggest displacement crises in the world. On October 5, IDF Brigadier-General Itzik Cohen informed reporters that civilians from northern Gaza would not be allowed to return to their homes. Cohen cited that troops entered certain areas twice, such as the Jabalia camp, and therefore, allowing Gazans to return there would complicate security efforts. He added that routine humanitarian aid deliveries would be allowed in the southern and central regions of Gaza, but not the north, since, as he claimed, “there are no more civilians left.”
UNRWA’s absence in the Gaza Strip is expected to be severely felt by the approximately 2 million people struggling to stay alive.
“The decision (Israel’s bills banning UNRWA) will further undermine the ability of the international community to provide sufficient humanitarian aid and to save lives in any safe, independent and impartial way. Israel has bombed Palestinians to death, maimed them, starved them, and is now ridding them of their biggest lifeline of aid. Piece by piece, Israel is systematically dismantling Gaza as a land that is autonomous and liveable for Palestinians,” says Sally Abi Khalil, Oxfam Regional Director in the Middle East and North Africa.
On November 6, UNRWA chief Philippe Lazzarini addressed the UN General Assembly, urging the UN to prevent the implementation of Israel’s two most recent bills.
“Without intervention by member states, UNRWA will collapse, plunging millions of Palestinians into chaos,” Lazzarini said. “First, I ask that Member States act to prevent the implementation of the legislation against UNRWA. Second, I ask that Member States ensure that any plan for a political transition delineates UNRWA’s role. Finally, I ask that Member States maintain funding to UNRWA, and do not withhold or divert funds on the assumption that the Agency can no longer operate.”
Lazzarini reminded the General Assembly of the toll that UNRWA and its staff has taken through the duration of the crisis. 239 UNRWA personnel has been killed, and more than two thirds of UNRWA’s facilities had been damaged or destroyed. Lazzarini urged that these violations of international humanitarian law be investigated.
It is estimated that the costs of providing funding to UNRWA in this transitional period will be immense. However, dismantling UNRWA will be particularly costly as well. Through its flash appeal, the UN is seeking over 1.2 billion dollars in funding to assist over 1.7 million people who are facing extreme conditions. Due to the recent banning of UNRWA, these costs are estimated to be much higher. It is crucial for donor contributions to continue as humanitarian aid is still being blocked in northern Gaza. Conditions are expected to further deteriorate as the harsh winter season approaches.
IPS UN Bureau Report
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