2702 ressortissants algériens ont demandé le droit d’asile en Europe, depuis le début de l’année en cours, auprès de de la Commission européenne sur les migrants et les réfugiés dans l’UE. Selon un rapport de cette Commission, les demandeurs d’asile algériens ont effectué leurs demandes à partir des pays de leurs résidences actuelles, notamment la […]
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Une jeune fille a été sauvée à Dodomey, dans l'arrondissement d'Allada ce samedi 30 mai 2020, après une chute dans des fosses septiques en construction de près de 15 mètres de profondeur.
Selon les faits rapportés par l'Agence Presse Bénin, « la victime cherchait un raccourci en prenant comme repère la maison inachevée dans laquelle se trouve le WC refermé avec du bois de coffrage et des claies pourries ».
En traversant la fosse, la jeune fille a perdu l'équilibre et s'est retrouvée à l'intérieur.
Elle s'en est sortie avec une fracture à la cheville et quelques égratignures grâce à l'intervention des éléments du centre de secours pompier d'Allada.
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Mustapha Hamici a été installé officiellement, lundi, dans ses nouvelles fonctions de directeur général du quotidien national arabophone Echaâb, lors d’une cérémonie présidée par le ministre de la Communication, Porte-parole du gouvernement, Amar Belhimer. M. Hamici remplace Fnides Benbella qui assurait le poste de directeur général par intérim. Intervenant à cette occasion, Belhimer a souligné […]
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Kenya's Matrimonial Property Act, which is discriminatory towards women and inconsistent with the country's constitution, means few married women own land. Less than five percent of all land title deeds in Kenya are held jointly by women and only one percent of land titles are held by women alone. Credit: Miriam Gathigah/IPS
By Miriam Gathigah
NAIROBI, Jun 1 2020 (IPS)
Ida Njeri was a civil servant with access to a Savings and Credit Cooperative Society (SACCO) through her employer, and her husband a private consultant in the information and communication sector, when she began taking low-interest loans from the cooperative so they could buy up land in Ruiru, Central Kenya. She’d willing done it. Part of their long-term plan together for having a family was that they would acquire land and eventually build their dream home. But little did Njeri realise that 12 years and three children later the law would stand against her right to owning the matrimonial property.
“As a private consultant, it was difficult for my husband to join a SACCO. People generally join SACCOs through their employer. This makes it easy to save and take loans because you need three people within your SACCO to guarantee the loan,” Njeri tells IPS.
“My husband had a savings bank account so we would combine my loans with his savings. By 2016, I had 45,000 dollars in loans. My husband would tell me the amount of money needed to purchase land and I would take out a loan,” she adds, explaining that her husband handled all the purchases.
By 2016 the couple had purchased 14 different pieces of land, each measuring an eighth of an acre. But last year, when the marriage fell apart, Njeri discovered that all their joint land was in her husband’s name.
“All along I just assumed that the land was in both our names. I never really thought about it because we were jointly building our family. Even worse, all land payment receipts and sale agreements are also in his name alone,” she says.
Worse still, there was little she can do about it within the current framework of the country’s laws.
Despite Article 45 (3) of the 2010 Constitution providing for equality during marriage and upon divorce, and despite the fact that Njeri’s marriage was registered (effectively granting her a legal basis for land ownership under the Marriage Act 2014) there is another law in the country — the Matrimonial Property Act 2013 — which stands against her.
More specifically, it is Section 7 of the act that states ownership of matrimonial property is dependent on the contributions of each spouse toward its acquisition.
Because Njeri had no proof of jointly purchasing the land, upon her divorce she is not entitled to it.
Hers is not an isolated case of married women struggling to ensure their land rights.
In 2018, the Kenya Land Alliance (KLA), an advocacy network dedicated to the realisation of constitutional provisions of women’s land rights as a means to eradicate poverty and hunger, and promote gender equality, in line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), released an audit of land ownership after the disaggregation and analysis of approximately one third of the 3.2 million title deeds issued by the government between 2013 and 2017 — the highest number of title deeds issued in any regime.
Odenda Lumumba is a land rights activist and founder of KLA, which is a local partner for Deliver For Good, a global campaign that applies a gender lens to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and powered by global advocacy organisation Women Deliver. She explains that the data on land ownership is a pointer to the reality that gender disparities remain a concern, especially because of the intricate relationship between land tenure systems, livelihoods and poverty.
“There is very little progress towards women owning land. There are so many obstacles for them to overcome,” Lumumba tells IPS.
The KLA audit of land ownership found that only 103,043 titles or 10.3 percent of title deeds were issued to women compared to the 865,095 or 86.5 percent that went to men.
In 2018, the Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA) in Kenya petitioned Kenya’s High Court, arguing that Section 7 of the Matrimonial Property Act was discriminatory towards women and inconsistent and in contravention of Article 45 (3) of the Constitution.
The court dismissed the petition, ruling out a blanket equal sharing of marital property as it would “open the door for a party to get into marriage and walk out of it in the event of divorce with more than they deserve”.
Within this context, less than five percent of all land title deeds in Kenya are held jointly by women and only one percent of land titles are held by women alone who are in turn disadvantaged in the manner in which they use, own, manage and dispose land, says FIDA-Kenya.
But as gender experts are becoming alarmed by the rising numbers of female headed households — 32 percent out of 11 million households based on government estimates — securing women’s land rights is becoming more urgent.
“The Matrimonial Property Act gives women the capacity to register their property but a majority of women do not realise just how important this is. Later, they struggle to access their property because they did not ensure that they were registered as owners,” Janet Anyango, legal counsel at FIDA-Kenya’s Access to Justice Programme, tells IPS. FIDA-Kenya is a premier women rights organisation that, for 34 years, has offered free legal aid to at least three million women and children. It is also another Deliver For Good/Women Deliver partner organisation in Kenya.
Anyango says that in law “the meaning of ‘contribution’ was expanded to include non-monetary contributions but it is difficult to quantify contribution in the absence of tangible proof. In the 2016 lawsuit, we took issue with the fact that the law attributes marital liabilities equally but not assets”.
In addition to the Matrimonial Property Act, laws such as the Law of Succession Act seek to cushion both surviving male and female spouses but are still skewed in favour of men as widows lose their “lifetime interest” in property if the remarry. And where there is no surviving spouse or children, the deceased’s father is given priority over the mother.
Women Deliver recognises that globally women and girls have unequal access to land tenure and land rights, creating a negative ripple effect on development and economic progress for all.
“When women have secure land rights, their earnings can increase significantly, improving their abilities to open bank accounts, save money, build credit, and make investments in themselves, their families and communities,” Susan Papp, Managing Director of Policy and Advocacy at Women Deliver, tells IPS.
She says that applying a gender lens to access “to resources is crucial to powering progress for and with all during the COVID-19 pandemic, even as the world continues to work towards the SGDs”.
And even though marriage services at the Attorney General’s office have been suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as have all services at the land registries, women like Njeri will continue to fight for what they rightfully own.
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The post For Love or Land – The Debate about Kenyan Women’s Rights to Matrimonial Property appeared first on Inter Press Service.
Excerpt:
Less than five percent of all land title deeds in Kenya are held jointly by women and only one percent of land titles are held by women alone. IPS investigates.
The post For Love or Land – The Debate about Kenyan Women’s Rights to Matrimonial Property appeared first on Inter Press Service.
Le secrétaire d’Etat chargé de la diaspora à l’étranger et de l’immigration, Rachdi Beladhane a indiqué ce lundi que 25 000 experts algériens se trouvent actuellement à l’étranger. Lors d’une réunion de travail avec la commission des affaires étrangères, l’intervenant a fait savoir que le gouvernement compte intégrer ces experts algériens dans l’effort national du […]
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1941. május 8-án halt meg a párizsi St. Denise kolostorban I. Milán szerb király felesége, Natalija Obrenović királyné. Az ország modernkori történelmének első királynője volt, miután Milan Obrenović herceg a szerb fejedelemséget 1882-ben királysággá tette és megkoronáztatta magát.
A jövendő királyné 1859. május 14-én született Firenzében Natalija Petrovna Keško néven. Apja, Petar Keško, orosz őrnagy volt, az édesanyja, Pulherija Sturdza moldáv hercegnő. Korán árván maradt, apja hat éves korában, anyja tizenöt éves korában meghalt. Tizenhat évesen, 1875. október 5-én lett Milán király felesége. Egy évvel később megszületett a fiuk, Aleksandar, a későbbi I. Sándor király.
I. Milán király, Aleksandar herce és Natalija királyné
A mesékben a herceg fehér lovon érkezik a kedveséért, összeházasodnak és boldogan élnek, amíg meg nem halnak. Az élet azonban egészen más volt Natalija Obrenović számára. Attól a pillanattól kezdve, hogy Milán Obrenović feleségül vette, és Szerbia királynéja lett, a nyugalmas élete megszűnt, pletykák és tragédiák sora követte egymást. A legszebb párnak tartották őket, de hamarosan megindult a szóbeszéd Milán király hűtlenségéről és a sok nővel folytatott viszonyáról. Ezek nem voltak alaptalanok, a pár között a feszültség egyre nőtt, egészen addig, hogy 1888-ban elváltak. A kiutasított királynő fiával együtt Németországba ment. Milán király, miután felfedezte tartózkodási helyét, kérte, hogy adja vissza fiát, pénzt is ajánlott érte, amit Natalija hosszú ellenkezés után meg is tett. Natalija Franciaországban, Biarritzban, a Sasino kastélyban folytatta életét. A kastély a fiáról, Alexanderről (Sasha) kapta a nevét. Abban az időben Draga Mašin, udvarhölgy kísérte. Az udvarhölgynek később jelentős szerepe lesz a családban. Natalija királyné és az udvarhölgye Draga Mašin
A Bulgária elleni sikertelen háború után Milán királyt a fia javára lemondatták a trónról. Franciaországba utazott és igazi Casanovaként élte életét. Szerb állampolgárságáról is lemondott, 46 éves korában, 1901-ben Bécsben halt meg. Aleksandart 1889-ben, 13 évesen királlyá koronázták. Natalija a fia uralkodása alatt megpróbált fő tanácsadója lenni. Korábban a férjével a magánéleti viták mellett politikai kérdésekben sem értettek egyet. A király az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchiát, Bécset támogatta, míg Natalija orosz gyökerei miatt Oroszországot. Fia uralkodása alatt is ezt a vonalat követte, mert azt hitte, nélkülük nincs Szerbiában politikai stabilitás.
A királyné számára nagy csalódás volt a fia házassága. Aleksandar a nála 12 évvel idősebb, a királyné kíséretébe tartozó özvegy udvarhölgyet, Drago Mašint vette feleségül. Élesen ellenezte a frigyet, és ahelyett, hogy gratulált volna a fiának, egy levélben nyilvánosan lemondott róla. Esélyük sem volt a kibékülésre, mert I. Sándort és feleségét 1903-ban a májusi katonai puccsban brutálisan meggyilkolták.
I Sándor király és Draga királyné
Az egyetlen fia elvesztése mélyen érintette Natalijat, aki aztán visszavonult a közélettől. Megismerkedett és barátságot kötött egy spanyol családdal, áttért a katolikus hitre és apáca lett. Emellett a fia halála után, aki az Obrenović-dinasztia utolsó sarja volt, megörökölte a teljes vagyont, aminek nagy részét jótékonykodásra fordította. Bőségesen adományozott belőle a belgrádi egyetemnek, iskoláknak, egyházaknak, kulturális intézményeknek, különféle szervezeteknek. Még a válása után megalapította Belgrádban a Női Egyesületet és a Domaćica női újságot, aminek fővédnöke lett. Az ő kezdeményezésére alapították meg a Nemzeti Háztartási Kézműves Nők Szövetségét, és az első középiskolát lányoknak.
Natalija királynét Milán királlyal való nézeteltérései és gyakori vitái ellenére a nép megszerette és elfogadta királynőjének. Szerb anyának is hívták. Az 1885-ös Bulgáriával vívott háborúban sebesülteket ápolt, segített az embereknek és befolyását felhasználva javította Európában a szerbekről és Szerbiáról alkotott véleményt. Tele volt kisebb-nagyobb hibákkal, mint minden ember, de elsősorban királyné volt, aki sokat tett az emberekért és komolyan vette a felelősségét. Sokak szerint komolyabban, mint Milán király. St. Denise kolostor Párizs
Nem kevesen vannak azok sem akik nem bocsájtották meg neki, hogy elhagyta az országot, a vallását és katolikussá lett. Élete utolsó 38 évét elfeledetten, magányosan élte a zárdában. Az európai sajtó többször is írt róla, mint a „legszomorúbb európai királynő”-ről, vagy mint „a koldus Natalija királynő”-ről. 1941-ben, 81 éves korában halt meg, a Parizs melletti Lardy temetőjében nyugszik. Emlékiratait, naplóit a Vatikánban őrzik.
VIENNA, 1 June 2020 – The OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, Harlem Désir, expressed his concern today regarding the wave of violence against journalists covering protests across the United States of America in recent days.
“I am deeply concerned by the number of incidents and attacks by police and demonstrators against journalists covering protests in the United States over the past few days,” said Representative Désir. “Many of these incidents involved arrests and the use of force by police, including rubber bullets, pepper bullets, tear gas and pepper spray, as well as acts of violence by protesters. I call on the authorities to exercise restraint and to ensure that journalists can work safely while reporting on public protests. The role of a free press must be safeguarded at all times and journalists must be free to report without facing violence, arrest or intimidation.”
Protests erupted in Minneapolis on 25 May, following the killing of a black man, George Floyd, and have since spread across the country.
According to media reports, over the past few days, several journalists, who identified themselves as members of the press by wearing armbands, press cards or vests, were injured by police firing rubber bullets, pepper bullets, and tear gas. These included Reuters camera operator Julio-Cesar Chavez and his security advisor (Minneapolis); photographer Hyoung Chang and journalist Elise Schmelzer, both from the Denver Post (Colorado); photojournalist Jan Czernik of Denver 7 News, who also had his camera broken (Denver); reporter Kaitlin Rust and photojournalist James Dobson of WAVE3 News (Louisville); freelance journalist Linda Tirado, who was left permanently blind in one eye (Minneapolis); and Swedish Expressen journalist Nina Svanberg, and Norwegian photographer Thomas Nilsson of Verdens Gang (Minneapolis). Police also fired pepper spray against other journalists, including Molly Hennessy-Fiske, a Los Angeles Times journalist (Minneapolis); Michael Adams, a VICE News journalist (New York City); and RIA Novosti correspondent Mikhail Turgiev (Minneapolis).
Alongside this, police also reportedly arrested or detained several journalists. These included Review-journal photographer Ellen Schmidt, and Bridget Bennett, a freelance journalist on assignment for AFP (Los Angeles); photographer Tom Aviles of WCCO, a local CBS station (Minneapolis); Huffington Post reporter Chris Mathias (New York City); Adam Gray, a New York-based British photojournalist for SWNS (New York City); Amandine Atalaya and Mathieu Derrien from French TV TF1 (Minneapolis); and Tim Arvier and his crew from Nine News Australia (Minneapolis).
A number of incidents involving attacks by protesters against journalists were also recorded. Paul Ahmann of WLKY was knocked over and beaten by protesters, suffering a concussion and having to be taken to hospital (Louisville); Leland Vitter and his crew from Fox News were attacked and chased by protesters (Washington, D.C.); Ian Smith, a photojournalist for KDA TV, was beaten by protesters and had his equipment destroyed (Pittsburgh); and Briana Whitney of CBS was harassed by a protester who pushed her and attempted to grab her microphone (Phoenix).
In addition, several TV crews had their equipment or vehicles damaged. According to reports, protesters threw rocks at a WSB-TV news van (Atlanta), while two vehicles belonging to WLKY News and one belonging to WAVE3 News were also vandalized (Louisville).
The Representative recalled his Office’s “Special Report on Handling of the Media during Political Demonstrations: Observations and Recommendations”, which states that “law-enforcement officials have a constitutional responsibility not to prevent or obstruct the work of journalists during public demonstrations, and journalists have a right to expect fair and restrained treatment by the police.”
The OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media observes media developments in all 57 OSCE participating States. He provides early warning on violations of freedom of expression and media freedom and promotes full compliance with OSCE media freedom commitments. Learn more at www.osce.org/fom, Twitter: @OSCE_RFoM and on www.facebook.com/osce.rfom.