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1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (9/10) • De Trieste à Sarajevo, une caravane pour la paix
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (8/10) • La parole oubliée des déserteurs serbes
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (7/10) • retours à Vukovar
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (6/10) • Concert Yutel : le 28 juillet, Sarajevo voulait croire à la paix
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (5/10) • Mladina, cet insolent hebdomadaire slovène qui a fait trembler la Fédération
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (4/10) • la diaspora et l'éclatement du pays que tous pensaient indestructible
1991, le dernier été de la Yougoslavie (3/10) • Eurobasket, ultime victoire collective avant la guerre
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (2/10) • Milan Kučan : « Nous voulions la démocratie »

/ Courrier des Balkans, dernier été yougo, Femmes violences, Serbie, Société, Histoire

1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (9/10) • De Trieste à Sarajevo, une caravane pour la paix
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (8/10) • La parole oubliée des déserteurs serbes
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (7/10) • retours à Vukovar
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (6/10) • Concert Yutel : le 28 juillet, Sarajevo voulait croire à la paix
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (5/10) • Mladina, cet insolent hebdomadaire slovène qui a fait trembler la Fédération
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (4/10) • la diaspora et l'éclatement du pays que tous pensaient indestructible
1991, le dernier été de la Yougoslavie (3/10) • Eurobasket, ultime victoire collective avant la guerre
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (2/10) • Milan Kučan : « Nous voulions la démocratie »

/ Courrier des Balkans, dernier été yougo, Femmes violences, Serbie, Populations, minorités et migrations, Histoire

1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (9/10) • De Trieste à Sarajevo, une caravane pour la paix
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (8/10) • La parole oubliée des déserteurs serbes
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (7/10) • retours à Vukovar
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (6/10) • Concert Yutel : le 28 juillet, Sarajevo voulait croire à la paix
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (5/10) • Mladina, cet insolent hebdomadaire slovène qui a fait trembler la Fédération
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (4/10) • la diaspora et l'éclatement du pays que tous pensaient indestructible
1991, le dernier été de la Yougoslavie (3/10) • Eurobasket, ultime victoire collective avant la guerre
1991, dernier été de la Yougoslavie (2/10) • Milan Kučan : « Nous voulions la démocratie »

/ Courrier des Balkans, dernier été yougo, Femmes violences, Serbie, Populations, minorités et migrations, Histoire

La France souhaite, à l'occasion de sa présidence de l'Union européenne, porter le sujet de « l'harmonisation par le haut de la fiscalité » sur les produits du tabac en Europe, a déclaré jeudi (14 octobre) le ministre délégué aux Comptes publics.

Revue de presse • l'interdiction du négationnisme divise la Bosnie-Herzégovine
Bosnie-Herzégovine : la Republika Srpska veut son armée, sa justice et son fisc
L'Allemand Christian Schmidt, nouveau Haut représentant en Bosnie-Herzégovine
Bosnie-Herzégovine : un protectorat international qui ne dit plus son nom

/ Courrier des Balkans, RS sécession, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Politique intérieure

Revue de presse • l'interdiction du négationnisme divise la Bosnie-Herzégovine
Bosnie-Herzégovine : la Republika Srpska veut son armée, sa justice et son fisc
L'Allemand Christian Schmidt, nouveau Haut représentant en Bosnie-Herzégovine
Bosnie-Herzégovine : un protectorat international qui ne dit plus son nom

/ Courrier des Balkans, RS sécession, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Politique intérieure

Hosszú hetekig tartó alkudozás eredményeképpen több részletben interjút adott a BBC brit közszolgálati médiának egy Dél-Koreában élő, szökevény észak-koreai hírszerző tábornok, és felfedte a phenjani vezetés hírszerzési hadviselésének és legsötétebb üzelmeinek egyes részleteit.

A BBC szerint ez volt az első eset, hogy egy ilyen magas rangú, volt észak-koreai katonai tisztségviselő interjút adott egy jelentős műsorszolgáltató médiumnak. Megjegyezte, hogy nem tudja független forrásból ellenőrizni a férfi állításainak igazságtartalmát, de személyazonosságára vonatkozóan talált megerősítő bizonyítékokat.

Az interjúban Kim Kuk Szongnak nevezett férfi harminc éven szolgálta az észak-korai hírszerzést annak különböző szervezeteiben, és eljutott a legmagasabb tisztségekig. A kommunista rendszert hűségesen kiszolgáló, “legvörösebb vörösként” jellemezte magát. De – mint mondta – volt hazájában a magas beosztás és a hűség sem garancia arra, hogy az ember biztonságban legyen. Akkor döbbent rá, hogy családjával együtt el kell szöknie Észak-Koreából, amikor annak fiatal vezetője, Kim Dzsong Un 2013-ban kivégeztette saját nagybátyját, Csang Szong Teket, mert elterjedt az a híresztelés, hogy amikor már apja, Kim Dzsong Il rossz egészségi állapota miatt nem tudta ellátni az ország vezetését, Csang volt a tényleges vezető. A tábornok ugyanis azt gondolta, hogy Csang Szong Teket csak száműzni fogja vidékre Kim Dzsong Un. A szökési terv 2014-ben meg is valósult, a család most Szöulban él, és Kim Kuk Szong a dél-koreai hírszerzésnek dolgozik.

Kim Kuk Szong szerint az észak-koreai vezetés mindig kétségbeesetten kereste az eszközeit annak, hogy a lehető legtöbb készpénzre tegyen szert: több laboratóriumban kábítószert állíttat elő külföldi értékesítés céljára, és illegálisan fegyvert ad el különböző közel-keleti és afrikai országoknak. A tábornok beszélt arról, hogy milyen stratégia áll a Dél-Korea elleni katonai támadások mögött, hogy konkrétan ő kinek a meggyilkolását irányította, és azt állította, hogy az ország hírszerzése és a nyolcvanas évek óta folyamatosan fejlesztett kibernetikai hadserege a világon bárhol képes lecsapni.

“Észak-Koreában a terrorizmus a legfelsőbb vezető méltósága megvédésének, a lojalitásnak a politikai eszköze” – jelentette ki Kim Kuk Szong.

A tábornok arra a kérdésre, hogy miért vállalta az interjút, azt válaszolta: mostanra ez maradt az egyetlen, amit kötelességből meg kell tennie. “Mostantól aktívabban dolgozom azon, hogy északi honfitársaim egyszer kiszabaduljanak a diktatúra szorításából” – tette hozzá.

Mint mondta, több mint harmincezer észak-koreai szökevény él Dél-Koreában, és eddig közülük csak néhány volt hajlandó beszélni a médiának. Minél magasabb tisztséget töltöttek be volt hazájukban, annál nagyobb kockázatot vállalnak magukkal és családtagjaikkal kapcsolatban, ha beszélnek.

The post Exkluzív interjút adott a BBC-nek egy szökevény észak-koreai hírszerző tábornok appeared first on .

Die staatliche bulgarische Gasgesellschaft Bulgargaz läuft Gefahr, nach dem 25. Oktober kein Geld für Lieferungen aus Russland und Aserbaidschan zu haben.

Gut fünf Monate nach den geplatzten Verhandlungen über ein Rahmenabkommen mit der EU hat der schweizerische Bundespräsident Guy Parmelin einen Dialog als Ausweg aus der Sackgasse gefordert.

La présidence française de l'Union européenne au premier semestre 2022 va recourir au mécénat d'entreprises pour transporter les délégations et compenser son empreinte carbone, une pratique de « sponsoring » contestée par des ONG.

Written by Frederik Scholaert.

Fishing is often seen as a male activity, especially when it comes to working on board fishing vessels and involving long absences at sea. However, women play an important role in thefisheries sector, especially in small-scale family businesses. Either they are involved in the fishing activity itself, on board or on foot as shellfish gatherers, or they support the business through on-shore activities such as fishing gear preparation and maintenance, transporting fish to auctions, sales, administration, logistics or even the development of tourist activities.

This work is not always recognised. According to a study for the European Commission, the share of unpaid women in fisheries (6.6 %) is almost double their share in total employment (3.8 %). However, this level of employment is an underestimate, as women who are not actively engaged on board fishing vessels are often not visible in the official statistics. A 2018 study collected data from community-led partnerships called ‘Fisheries Local Action Groups’ (FLAGs) that bring together the private sector, local authorities and civil society. Based on a sample of data, the study estimated female employment in FLAG areas at about 13 % of total employment in fisheries.

Women are also very present in other seafood sectors. They represent about a quarter of the aquaculture workforce and about half in the fish processing industry. The figures differ greatly per EU country and region. In Lithuania, the share of female workers in fish processing is 69 %. The share is even higher in specific FLAG areas, it is estimated at 75 % in Costa a Morte in Spain and 90 % in Plodovi Mora in Croatia.

In total, it is estimated that more than 100 000 women were employed in the EU’s fisheries, aquaculture or fish processing sectors in 2014.

Although women make up a significant part of the workforce, they often work in underpaid and low-value positions. In addition, they are under-represented in decision‑making bodies.

The European Parliament has long championed the important role of women in fishing communities, both in the EU and as part of ‘sustainable fisheries partnership agreements’ with non-EU countries. Following its 2014 resolution on specific actions in the common fisheries policy (CFP) to develop the role of women, Parliament adopted a resolution ‘Fishers for the future‘ on 16 September 2021. The resolution highlights the fact that women still lack sufficient economic and social recognition for their role in fisheries, and calls on the European Commission to launch initiatives to recognise their work and secure equal pay between men and women (not least in view of the 2020‑2025 gender equality strategy), support female entrepreneurship and provide EU funding.

In March 2021, in response to a letter from AKTEA, a European network of women in fisheries and aquaculture, European Commissioner for Environment, Oceans and Fisheries, Virginijus Sinkevičius acknowledged the need for greater recognition of the role of women in fisheries, including in decision-making. The Commissioner highlighted the ongoing efforts to enhance the collection of social data, including data on the role of women, for example in unpaid jobs. These social data would feed into the 2022 review of the common fisheries policy and pave the way for better assessment of the social impacts of fisheries management measures.

In addition, the recent adoption of the fund supporting the common fisheries policy – the European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF) for 2021‑2027 – allows EU countries to continue to finance measures that support women in the seafood sector. As part of the EMFAF programme, the Commission has also announced that it will launch a call for projects in 2022, to support women in the ‘blue economy’.

The European Parliament’s Committee on Fisheries has also reaffirmed its commitment to address gender inequality issues, by organising a debate on ‘gender equality in fisheries‘ on 28 October 2021, during the European Gender Equality Week.

For more background information and analysis, see our topical digest on women in fisheries, prepared for the European Gender Equality Week (25‑28 October 2021).

A l’occasion de la journée internationale des femmes rurales, ce vendredi (15 octobre), la délégation aux droits des femmes du Sénat vient de présenter un rapport sur la situation difficile des femmes dans les territoires ruraux de France.

French President Emmanuel Macron is building an election campaign machine stacked with former conservative insiders, because he has realised he needs to win over more centre-right voters to secure a second term next year.

Le soutien à la région de Bratislava doit être compatible avec sa capacité à résoudre ses problèmes, a déclaré la commissaire à la cohésion et aux réformes, Élisa Ferreira.

Le gouvernement irlandais a exprimé son soutien aux propositions de protocole de l’UE sur l’Irlande du Nord, publiées cette semaine.

Street Library in Mayotte, July 2016. Credit: François Phliponeau/ATD Fourth World - Centre Joseph Wresinski

By Olivier De Schutter and Donald Lee
NEW YORK, Oct 15 2021 (IPS)

In September 2021, children in the northern hemisphere returned to school after the summer break. For some, the end of the holidays signaled a return to normalcy and to the joys of learning after facing months of school closures due to the Covid-19 pandemic. For the majority of children in the Global South, however, the return to reality looked grimmer.

Digital divide leaving billions behind

Many children have been unable to pursue their education due to school closures reported in over 188 countries. While governments have sought to implement solutions for children to continue learning from home using broadcast and Internet-based remote learning policies, nearly one third of children worldwide could not make use of these solutions. UNICEF notes that three quarters of these students either come from rural areas, belong to the poorest households, or both: these children have been left behind due to the digital divide. As a result, the organization estimates that more than one billion children are at risk of falling behind on education.

Furthermore, many parents who had lost their source of income due to the pandemic had no choice but to remove their children from school so that they could help their families. Sadly, child labor has risen for the first time in two decades: 160 million children are now estimated to be working, about 8 million more than in 2017, mainly in the agricultural sector; 9 million more at risk of doing so due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Inequality and the pandemic

While the pandemic has exacerbated the inequalities children suffer in schooling, such inequalities are not new. The World Bank estimates that while 96 percent of children complete their secondary education in OECD countries, that rate is only 35 percent in low-income countries. In 2018, an estimated 258 million children and youth – mainly from poor households – were out of school.

Whereas the number of children, adolescents and youth excluded from education fell steadily in the decade following 2000, progress has stalled since, especially for poor children in low-income countries: in 2014, only one quarter of the poorest children in these countries completed primary school. Indeed, in low and lower-middle income countries, the likelihood of enrollment in primary and secondary schools still depends on parental income and education levels to a significant extent.

Festival of Learning in Guatemala, November 2015. Credit: Sulma Flores/ATD Fourth World – Centre Joseph Wresinski

Financial barriers to opportunities

Several important mechanisms are at work. While nearly 90 percent of low-income countries officially provide free primary education, the hidden costs remain high: transportation costs, learning materials and school supplies may be prohibitive, preventing parents from sending their children to school. Moreover, more than 40 percent of low-income countries charge fees for lower-secondary education. This may discourage parents who live on low incomes to send their children to school, especially given the high opportunity costs involved where the alternative to high school education is to contribute to the family income by working. Lowering these financial barriers can significantly improve enrollment and attendance rates.

Even when children are enrolled in formal education, other obstacles prevent them from effectively learning. Children from poor households routinely face exclusion and discrimination. A participatory action research project led by ATD Fourth World in Belgium found that the shame experienced by children in poverty was one of the key obstacles to successful schooling. Shame, as well as fear of abuse, also prevents students from poor families and their parents from engaging with teachers.

Children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds also tend to be better prepared for formal education. As a result, across nearly all countries, the family background of a student (parental education, socioeconomic status, conditions at home) remains the single most important predictor of learning outcomes.

In France for example, the difference in outcomes on the tests of the Programme for International Student Assessment between the richest and poorest students amounted to 115 points in the science performance, the equivalent of about three years of schooling. A vicious cycle emerges: parents and children from low-income households may lose their motivation to prioritize schooling because they perceive their chances of performing well as low.

Children in Kenya who dropped out of school cited the difficulty of performing well, rather than costs, parental pressure, or other factors, as a major reason for leaving. This leads low-income households to underinvest in education, thus perpetuating poverty from one generation to the next and relegating equality of opportunities to a distant dream.

Public action is urgently needed

Increasing public budgets going to education is essential to break the cycles of poverty.

Educational systems must avoid, at all costs, reproducing inequalities that are inherited from childhood, especially for children from families living in poverty. There is a strong relationship between public investment in education and social mobility, especially for developing economies and in relation to primary education.

The Education 2030 Framework for Action provides that States should allocate at least 4 to 6 percent of their GDP, and/or at least 15 to 20 per cent of public expenditure, to education. Indeed, recent research, examining case studies from seven countries — from Brazil to Vietnam and from India to Namibia — demonstrates the benefits of public education and its potential for social transformation.

Fostering inclusive education

We need well-trained (and well-paid) teachers who are present and engage with children. We need schools that reduce the role of selection and assessment based on academic performance alone and instead that value each child for what they contribute to the classroom. We need schools that are fully accessible to everyone – regardless of age, gender, class or disability. And, we need more extracurricular opportunities after school hours that are open to all children at no additional charge, since children from poor households are far less likely to partake in afterschool activities, particularly in music and sports, than their peers from wealthier families.

A recent report presented to the United Nations General Assembly, underscores the urgent need for inclusive education. Schools must not be spaces of failure, but rather places where children can discover their talents and abilities, where they earn qualifications that enable them to keep learning or to find a job in which they can continue to develop. They must be places where collaboration – rather than competition – is nurtured and valued, and where otherness is accepted and cherished.

Inclusive education can also challenge stereotypes about the poor, and the associated discrimination they often suffer: in New Delhi, India, when elite schools catering to students from wealthy households were required to set aside 20 per cent of places to children from poorer families, pro-social behaviour among students increased, and prejudice against children from poor backgrounds diminished.

Schools have too often been seen as institutions that select, rank and exclude. They should instead empower, value and include. This will allow them to fully contribute to breaking the vicious cycles that perpetuate poverty, condemning children from low-income households to a life-long sentence for a crime they have not committed.

Olivier De Schutter is the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights and Professor at UCLouvain and Sciences Po (Paris). On 20 October, he will present a report on the persistence of poverty to the UN General Assembly. Donald Lee is President of the International Movement ATD Fourth World and a former senior economist at the United Nations in New York.

 

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• FEATURED TRANSLATION – FRENCH

In today's edition of the Capitals, find out more about Austria's new chancellor visiting Brussels to discuss EU policies, Slovenian Prime Minister Janez Janša's tweet, implying MEPs are "Soros puppets", and so much more.

L’exécutif européen a convoqué jeudi (14 octobre) des représentants de Pologne, de Lituanie et de Lettonie pour discuter du sort des migrants bloqués à leur frontière avec la Biélorussie. Mais la réunion n’a pas eu lieu.

Prime Minister Janez Janša is facing criticism after tweeting that some MEPs are “Soros puppets”. The MEP's under attack included Sophie in ‘t Veld.

Die iranische Regierung will nach eigenen Angaben "in den kommenden Tagen" in Brüssel mit der EU über eine Wiederaufnahme der Wiener Atomverhandlungen sprechen.