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Jean-Bernard Lévy, the chairman and CEO of French utility EDF and current president of power industry association Eurelectric, has urged EU countries to invest in distribution grids in order to sustain Europe's move towards climate neutrality.

The dual crises of the war in Ukraine and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic "should not delay" Europe's transformation to sustainable mobility, Spanish leader Pedro Sánchez has said.

L’aéroport d’Alger, qui a connu dernièrement un changement important à la tête de sa direction générale, enregistre de plus en plus de tentatives de transfert illicite des capitaux. Ce qui a poussé les autorités concernées à instaurer davantage de mesures. Renforçant ainsi la sécurité dans cette enceinte aéroportuaire. Les services de police des frontières à […]

L’article Transfert illicite de capitaux : nouvelle saisie à l’aéroport d’Alger est apparu en premier sur .

Tunisia's Ons Jabeur hopes to chase down world number one Iga Swiatek after moving up to a career-high third in the WTA rankings.

VIENNA, 20 June 2022 — The OSCE Secretary General, Helga Maria Schmid, will visit Lithuania and Estonia from 21 to 22 June for meetings with high-level officials.

During the visit, Schmid will discuss the current role of the OSCE in the region particularly in light of the war in Ukraine and its ramifications, as well as perspectives for future engagement. 

In Lithuania, the Secretary General will meet with President Gitanas Nausėda, Foreign Minister Gabrielius Landsbergis, Minister of Environment Simonas Gentvilas, Speaker of the Seimas (the Parliament) Viktorija Čmilytė-Nielsen and Chair of Committee on Foreign Affairs Laima Liucija Andrikienė.

In Estonia, Schmid will meet with President Alar Karis, Acting Foreign Minister and Minister of Entrepreneurship and Information Technology Andres Sutt, and Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Parliament Marko Mihkelson. The Secretary General will receive the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana from the President, for services to European security.

Amélie de Montchalin, France's minister for ecological transition and territorial cohesion since 20 May 2022, was defeated in the parliamentary elections on Sunday (19 June) by a candidate of the new left-wing alliance NUPES, which means she will probably leave the government.

Branislav Gröhling (SaS) oktatási miniszter 10 százalékos béremelési javaslatot terjesztett elő az iskolaügyi alkalmazottak számára, amely július 1-jén vagy szeptember 1-jén lépne életbe. Január 1-től további 10 százalékos béremelést javasol.

Austria will receive less gas for the fourth day in a row, Russia’s Gazprom announced on Sunday, which has prompted a return to coal power, which the country phased out in 2020, following an emergency government meeting.

UN Climate Change Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa addresses the Bonn Climate Change Conference. Her second, three-year term as head of UNFCCC ends in July.

By Felix Dodds and Chris Spence
NEW YORK, Jun 20 2022 (IPS)

Patricia Espinosa’s six years as Executive Secretary of the UN’s climate change secretariat ends on July 15th. During her time in charge, she has led efforts to operationalize the 2015 Paris Agreement and inject greater urgency into the diplomatic process. Although progress has been difficult, COP26 in Glasgow added some momentum and arguably brought the UN process to the start of its next stage: implementation.

As thoughts turn to this next, critical phase, several names are already circulating for who the next leader should be. These include the UK’s Alok Sharma, who chaired COP26, former GEF head Naoko Ishii of Japan, and Egypt’s Environment Minister Yasmine Fouad, Sri Mulyani Indrawati of Indonesia Finance Minister and Ambassador Liz Thomson from Barbados among others.

So, who should step into Espinosa’s shoes? And what sort of qualities will they need to succeed?

 

Location, Location

Any leader who believes it is all about them, or that they can charm or compel governments to act, will be doomed to failure. This is a particular risk for candidates who have been senior politicians in the past. They would have to curb the instinct to garner headlines for themselves. In this role the ability to listen, not just talk, will be critical

For any senior UN job there is a geopolitical calculation in play. With more being asked from the Global South in combating climate change, there is an argument to be made that the next Executive Secretary should hail from a developing country. Some observers feel this would help build trust in the climate talks.

There is an equity argument in play here, too. Historically, the first three UNFCCC leaders were Europeans: Michael Zammit Cutajar of Malta, then Joke Waller-Hunter and Yvo de Boer, both from the Netherlands. The next two came from the Americas: Christiana Figueres from Costa Rica, and Mexico’s Patricia Espinosa.

An argument could easily be made that the next leader should come from Asia-Pacific or Africa. Interestingly, the next two COPs will be in these regions: COP27 in Egypt and COP28 in the United Arab Emirates.

But which should it be: Africa or Asia-Pacific? In this respect, it is worth noting that two Africans already lead the other so-called Rio Conventions: Ibrahim Thiaw is responsible for the UN’s efforts on desertification, while Elizabeth Mrema heads-up biodiversity. Based on this, there is a strong case for appointing a developing country person from Asia or the Pacific or perhaps from the Small Island Developing States as they are hit worst by the impacts of climate change.

 

Seeking courageous, ego-free networkers

Irrespective of geography, what sort of qualities would a future leader need? We believe someone with excellent networking skills is essential, especially as we move from negotiating into implementation mode.

A naturally-charismatic figure who can build trusting relationships and bring people together will be essential. These are qualities Christiana Figueres deployed to great effect to help birth the Paris Agreement.

Any future UN climate leader will also need to be aware of the need for subtlety. In fact, we would suggest the next leader will need to be almost “egoless” in their pursuit of progress. The best UN leaders know when to let their partners—the politicians holding the COP presidency, for instance, as well as other governments heads—take center stage.

They know not only when to step up, but also when to step back and share the limelight. In this respect, Michael Zammit Cutajar—who led the UN climate secretariat in its early years—was a master, as was deputy leader Richard Kinley (2006-2017).

There is an important lesson here: any leader who believes it is all about them, or that they can charm or compel governments to act, will be doomed to failure. This is a particular risk for candidates who have been senior politicians in the past. They would have to curb the instinct to garner headlines for themselves. In this role the ability to listen, not just talk, will be critical.

The next Executive Secretary should ideally have been active in the climate negotiations for some time. This is a complicated field and they will need to have a good understanding of not just the issues or political positions of various country groupings, but also the people who are doing the negotiating.

Diplomacy is always a complex web of geopolitical positions, but underneath this are individuals. An effective leader will get to know the people involved and seek to build personal trust. Having someone who already knows the key individuals involved will help them hit the ground running.

The role will also require both courage and persistence. These are qualities we believe are essential for any successful leader when it comes to multilateral environmental agreements. It is something we explore in-depth in our book, Heroes of Environmental Diplomacy: Profiles in Courage. Yes, the science is telling us we must supercharge our efforts and sprint to the finish line. However, persistence and the knowledge that all diplomacy is a marathon will be needed by whoever takes on this important role.

Finally, this is such an important appointment that we would propose the hiring process be undertaken in the open. What we mean by this is that there could be “hustings” for member states and stakeholders to question the candidates, as there is for the UN Secretary General’s position. “Town hall” meetings with staff would also be useful so their input can be considered.

It is not hyperbole to suggest this appointment comes at a critical time for our planet. The need for inspired, courageous and exceptional leadership has never been greater.

We wish the selectors—and their choice—the best of luck.

 

Chris Spence and Felix Dodds are co-editors of Heroes of Environmental Diplomacy: Profiles in Courage (Routledge, 2022). Felix is also Adjunct Professor at the University of North Carolina (UNC) and an Associate Fellow at the Tellus Institute. Chris is an environmental consultant and award-winning writer. Both have been involved in the UN climate negotiations since the 1990s.

 

Excerpt:

With Patricia Espinosa due to step down in a few weeks’ time as head of the UN’s climate change efforts, who should take her place? Felix Dodds and Chris Spence review the options and assess what sort of leader should fill the gap

Le prix des médicaments sera régulièrement analysé. Actuellement, 38 procédures sont en cours ou terminées.

Az Európai Bizottság (EB) 2023-ban foglalkozik az Európa jövőjéről szóló konferencián (CoFoE) született első javaslatcsomaggal. Hogy pontosan mely pontokkal, azt Ursula von der Leyen, az EB elnöke jelenti be szeptemberben, az unió helyzetéről mondott jelentésében. Ezt követően az egyes pontok bekerülnek az EB 2023-as munkatervébe – erősítette meg Maroš Šefčovič, az EB alelnöke.

Strukturális változásokat és ambiciózus reformokat követelnek az európai állampolgárok. Igazságosabb, szolidáris, gyorsabban reagáló uniót akarnak, az éghajlatváltozáshoz való alkalmazkodás terén is aktivitást várnak – tájékoztatta a TASR hírügynökséget a megyei önkormányzatokat tömörítő SK8 szövetség az Európa jövőjéről szóló konferencia (CoFoE) ajánlásai kapcsán.

520765 Jeff Bieley Edita Buçaj

The OSCE Mission in Kosovo held its fourth Media Fellowship programme, an annual initiative that seeks to develop young journalists and establish a network of fellows from different communities. 

From 13 to 18 June 2022, eight young journalists from all over Kosovo had the opportunity to visit journalist associations, public broadcasters, press councils, and investigative media outlets in Prishtinë/Priština and Belgrade. They learned first-hand about professional reporting standards, journalism standards, balanced narratives, media and information literacy, and adherence to codes of ethics.

“The OSCE Mission supports networks such as the Media Fellowship, which brings together experienced media professionals with young journalists from diverse ethnic communities to share experiences and facilitate a transfer of expertise,” said Ambassador Michael Davenport, Head of the OSCE Mission in Kosovo. “In addition to supporting young journalists in their professional development, the programme also aims to improve social cohesion and inter-community relations, a common goal we share with the media,” he added.

“I appreciate the opportunity that I have been given to see closely how my colleagues here in Kosovo and in Belgrade work, and in this way contribute to the exchange of different ideas and experiences in the media, which helps us develop professionally. As a young journalist early in my career I found this event very helpful and enlightening,” said Afërdita Lukaj from Kanal 10 TV.

For Uroš Milosavljević from TV Most, the Fellowship “was a great opportunity to meet people on both sides and see that we are actually very similar, in addition to the work that connects us.”

Other journalists selected as this year’s fellows are: Vlerë Mehmeti (Koha Group), Agnesa Sahiti (Klan Kosova TV), Benita Zeneli (ATV), Nemanja Jakšić (Radio Kontakt Plus), Teodora Živanović (TV Most), and Dragana Vukosavljević (KoSSev news portal).

They are also the latest addition to the Media Fellowship Alumni, which to date has gathered around 30 journalists from different communities in Kosovo.

The group will pay a similar study visit to Tirana in September, where they are scheduled to meet representatives of media institutions, regulatory bodies and various media outlets.

Launched in 2017, with a two-year break during the pandemic, the OSCE Media Fellowship programme cultivates local journalistic talent while promoting gender equality, multi-ethnicity, and reconciliation in Kosovo.

Eliminés du tournoi UFOA B des moins de 17 ans, les Ecureuils du Bénin rentrent au pays ce lundi 20 juin 2022. Ils effectuent le voyage Accra-Cotonou par voie terrestre.

Les Ecureuils cadets ont joué leur troisième et dernier match de groupe du tournoi UFOA B, samedi 18 juin dernier, contre le Niger. Ils ont été battus par un score de 3-1. Avant le Niger, ils avaient courbé l'échine devant le Burkina Faso (2-1).
Les Ecureuils finissent ainsi 2ème du groupe B au même titre que les Eléphanteaux de la Côte d'ivoire qui ont l'avantage du goal average.
L'équipe béninoise va rallier Cotonou, ce lundi 20 juin, par voie terrestre. Un bus est mis à leur disposition pour le voyage.
Selon le sélectionneur béninois, le manque de compétition et de réalisme devant les buts seraient à l'origine des défaites enregistrées par les joueurs. A en croire Urbain Honfo, c'est des joueurs qui sont réellement dans leur tranche d'âge, et ne sont pas habitués à jouer un match tous les trois jours. Il exhorte les dirigeants à organiser un championnat pour les cadets.

F. A. A.

Le Programme Alimentaire Mondial (PAM) a ouvert, ce lundi 20 juin 2022, à Rome (Italie), les travaux de son Conseil d'Administration. Une délégation béninoise conduite par la vice-présidente Mariam Chabi Talata prend part aux assises.

Une délégation du Bénin composée de la vice-présidente Mariam Chabi Talata et du Ministre des enseignements maternel et primaire Karimou Salimane est à Rome depuis dimanche 19 juin 2022. Le Programme Alimentaire Mondial (PAM), l'agence onusienne spécialisée sur les questions alimentaires notamment le soutien alimentaire aux plus défavorisés sur la planète tient, en effet son Conseil d'Administration.
Ce sera l'occasion pour les représentants du Bénin de présenter aux 36 pays membres du Conseil d'Administration du PAM, le programme béninois des cantines scolaires financé par le gouvernement du président Patrice Talon et mis en œuvre par le PAM-Bénin.
Le Programme National d'Alimentation Scolaire (PNASI) est axé sur la production locale.
M. M.

Le « Fiba National Youth Camp » organisé par la Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball (Fiba Afrique) se tiendra du mardi 21 juin 2022 au dimanche 26 juin 2022 à l'Institut Régional de Santé Publique Comlan Alfred Quenum (Irsp-Caq) de Ouidah.
Le Bénin à travers sa Fédération de Basket-ball est retenu pour abriter le projet expérimental mis en par la Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball (Fiba Afrique). Créer les conditions de détection des jeunes talents (14 à 17 ans) au profit des Fédérations africaines et sélectionner les participants aux « Fiba Régional Youth camp » et au « Basketball without borders ». Tels sont les objectifs du « Fiba National Youth Camp » qui s'ouvre ce mardi 21 juin 2022 à l'Institut Régional de Santé Publique de Ouidah.
Cinquante entraîneurs dont une vingtaine ayant pris part au premier camp et quarante jeunes basketteurs participent au « « Fiba National Youth Camp ».
M. M.

La cérémonie de remise des CAF AWARDS 2022 se tiendra le 21 juillet 2022 au Maroc, selon un communiqué publié, dimanche 19 juin dernier, par la Confédération Africaine de Football (CAF) sur son site.
Le Ballon d'Or africain 2022, le joueur interclubs de l'année, le jeune joueur de l'année, l'équipe nationale de l'année, l'entraîneur de l'année, le club de l'année et le but de l'année. Ces prestigieuses récompenses seront décernées le 21 juillet 2022 au Maroc. C'est dans le cadre des CAF AWARDS de retour après deux années d'hivernage dû à la pandémie de Covid-19.
Les CAF AWARDS 2022 se dérouleront à deux jours avant la finale de la Coupe d'Afrique des Nations Féminine TotalEnergies, Maroc 2022 prévue du 2 au 23 juillet 2022.
Selon communiqué publié, dimanche 19 juin dernier, par la Confédération Africaine de Football (CAF) sur son site, « une nouvelle catégorie a été introduite suite au début réussie de la Ligue des champions féminine CAF TotalEnergies en novembre dernier. Il s'agit de la Joueuse Interclubs de l'Année ».
Les joueurs seront notés par rapport à leurs performances de la saison écoulée et non celles de l'année civile. Il s'agit de la période allant de septembre 2021 à juin 2022.
« Les gagnants seront désignés par les votes des capitaines et des entraîneurs des associations membres, du groupe d'étude technique de la CAF, des journalistes sélectionnés, et des Légendes du football africain », précise la CAF.
Gagnant de la dernière édition, Sadio Mané du Sénégal est favori à l'édition 2022 des CAF AWARDS dans la catégorie Ballon d'Or africain.
M. M.

Le ministre de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique, Eléonore Yayi Ladékan, et son collègue en charge des enseignements secondaire, technique et de la formation professionnelle, Kouaro Yves Chabi, ont officiellement lancé les épreuves de l'examen du baccalauréat session de juin 2022 ce lundi 20 juin 2022. C'est le Ceg1 de Ouidah qui a accueilli cette année, le lancement au plan national des épreuves.

Les épreuves écrites de l'examen du Baccalauréat ont démarré, ce lundi 20 juin, sur toute l'étendue du territoire national. 77 416 candidats répartis dans 133 centres de composition affrontent les différentes épreuves. Cet effectif selon les statistiques est en baisse par rapport à l'année 2021, 82 958 candidats, soit 6,68% de régression.
Au centre du Ceg1 de Ouidah qui a accueilli le lancement officiel, 558 candidats dont 302 filles composent dans les séries C, D, G1, G2 et G3.
Les ministre Yayi Ladékan et Kouaro Chabi avaient à leurs côtés le préfet de l'Atlantique, Jean Claude Codjia et le premier adjoint au maire de Ouidah, René Cakpovi Gnida.
Après le lancement officiel au Ceg1, les autorités ont parcouru les quelques centres de composition pour s'enquérir du bon déroulement de l'examen.

F. A. A.

The gold tooth of the assassinated Congolese independence hero and PM was all that remained of Mr Lumumba.

View of the United Nations General Assembly, which on three occasions this year has censured the invasion of Russian forces in Ukraine and where many countries have expressed non-alignment with the positions taken by the contenders. CREDIT: Manuel Elias/UN

By Humberto Márquez
CARACAS, Jun 20 2022 (IPS)

Numerous countries of the developing South are distancing themselves from the contenders in the war in Ukraine, using the debate on the conflict to underscore their independence and pave the way for a kind of new de facto non-alignment with regard to the main axes of world power.

Meetings and votes on the conflict at the United Nations and in other forums, the search for support or neutrality, and negotiations to cushion the impact of the economic crisis accentuated by the war are the spaces where the process of new alignment is taking place, according to analysts consulted by IPS.

Once Russian forces began their invasion of Ukraine on Feb. 24, the United States “activated and consolidated the transatlantic alliance with Europe to confront Moscow, and has been seeking to draw in allies in Asia, but the situation there is more complicated,” said Argentine expert in negotiation and geopolitics, Andrés Serbin, speaking from Buenos Aires."But if the confrontation escalates and spreads beyond Europe, it will be difficult to stay non-aligned. Our countries will then have to learn to navigate in troubled waters.” -- Andrés Serbin

Serbin, author of works such as “Eurasia and Latin America in a Multipolar World” and chair of the academic Regional Economic and Social Research Coordinator, believes that many Asian countries do not want any alignment that would compromise their relationship with that continent’s powerhouse, China.

The rivalry between the United States and China – a growing trading partner and investor in numerous developing nations – fuels the distancing demonstrated by countries of the so-called Global South in the face of the conflict in Ukraine, a priority for the entire West.

Doris Ramirez, professor of International Relations at the Javeriana University in Colombia, argues that “now countries are better prepared to take a position and vote in international forums according to their interests and not according to ideological alignments.

“Emblematic cases are India, which is not going to break its excellent relations with Russia, its arms supplier for decades, or Saudi Arabia, now more interested in its relationship with China as the United States withdraws from the Middle East,” Ramirez observed from Bogota.

The struggle between nations that were ideologically aligned – with the United States or the then Soviet Union – led in 1961 to the creation of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), which sought to stay equally distant from the dominant blocs while promoting decolonization and the economic interests of the South.

Its promoters were prominent leaders of what was then called the Third World: Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Sukarno of Indonesia, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Josip Broz “Tito” of Yugoslavia and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana.

Over the years, the Non-Aligned Movement grew to 120 members, many of which were clearly aligned with one of the blocs and, although it still exists formally, its presence and relevance declined not only with the disappearance of its leaders, but also when the socialist bloc ceased to exist as such after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The display board of the votes at the UN General Assembly on the suspension of Russia from the Human Rights Council reflected the diversity of opinions, with more countries taking independent positions with respect to those of the Western powers. CREDIT: UN

UN display board reflects new non-alignment

The invasion of Ukraine was quickly addressed by the 193-member UN General Assembly, which on Mar. 2 debated and approved a resolution condemning the invasion by Russian forces and demanding an immediate withdrawal of the troops, reiterating the principle of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries.

After 117 speeches, the vote – for, against, abstentions and absences – reflected on the display board at UN headquarters, became a first snapshot of the current “non-alignment” – the decision by many countries of the South not to subscribe to the positions of Moscow or its rivals in the West, led by the United States and the European Union.

The resolution received 141 votes in favor, five against (Belarus, North Korea, Eritrea, Russia and Syria), 35 abstentions and 12 absences.

“It is difficult for a country to support an invasion, it is not possible to find within the UN or international law a formula to justify it,” said former Venezuelan ambassador Oscar Hernández Bernalette, who has been a professor at the University of Cairo, in Egypt, and the Central University of Venezuela.

Therefore, “in order not to remain in the orbit of Moscow or Brussels or Washington, abstaining from voting is a way to demonstrate neutrality,” said Hernández Bernalette.

Russian anti-aircraft units during maneuvers in Egypt in 2019. Moscow’s military cooperation partly explains the political position of African countries, distant from the stances taken by their former colonial rulers, and their growing ties with powers such as Russia and China. CREDIT: MinDefense Russia

Of the 35 countries that abstained, 25 were from Africa, four from Latin America (Bolivia, Cuba, El Salvador and Nicaragua; Venezuela was unable to vote because of unpaid dues) and 14 from Asia, including countries with a strong global presence such as China, India, Pakistan and Iran, and former Soviet or socialist republics such as Laos, Mongolia and Vietnam.

A second resolution was discussed and approved at the Assembly on Mar. 24, to demand that Russia, on humanitarian grounds in view of the loss of civilian lives and destruction of infrastructure, cease hostilities.

The vote was practically the same, with 140 votes in favor, the same five against, and 38 abstentions, which this time also included Brunei, Guinea-Bissau and Uzbekistan.

A third confrontation took place on Apr. 7, to decide on the suspension of Russia from the UN Human Rights Council, made up of 47 states chosen by the General Assembly, which meets several times a year in Geneva, Switzerland.

Moscow’s critics then drummed up 93 votes in the Assembly, but there were 24 against and 58 abstentions – evidence of independence and criticism of the web of alliances and institutions that guide international relations.

This time, countries that previously abstained, such as Russia’s neighbors in Central Asia, and Algeria, Bolivia, China, Cuba and Iran, voted against the proposal, and many of those who previously supported it, such as Barbados, Brazil, Kuwait, Mexico, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Thailand and the United Arab Emirates, abstained.

The Summit of the Americas this June in Los Angeles, California served as an opportunity for a group of heads of state in the hemisphere to distance themselves from Washington by boycotting the meeting in protest against the exclusion of Cuba, Nicaragua and Venezuela. CREDIT: US State Department

Grouping together, but in a different way

Bilateral and group forums and negotiations are being put on new tracks as the conflict in Ukraine drags on, with new proposals for understandings and alliances, and also new fears.

The impact of the war on the energy markets – as well as on food and finance – was immediate and created room for new realignments. Thus, the United States, as it watched the price of fuel rise at its gas stations, went in search of more oil supplies, from the Middle East to Venezuela.

Washington held two significant summits in recent weeks: one in Jakarta, with 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) interested in sustaining their relationship with the US while maintaining the ties woven with China, and another in Los Angeles, California: the ninth Summit of the Americas.

This triennial meeting served as an opportunity for governments in this hemisphere to demonstrate their independent stance and refrain from automatic alignment with Washington. In addition to the three countries not invited (Cuba, Nicaragua and Venezuela), the heads of state of seven other countries decided not to attend, to protest the exclusion of their neighbors.

This snub marked the Summit, in which Washington was barely able to cobble together an agreement on migration, with other issues pushed to the backburner, while Latin American countries, still lacking a united front, continue to develop their relations with rivals such as Russia and China.

In the Caribbean, in Asia and especially in Africa, the old relationship between former colonial powers such as France and the United Kingdom – which are confronting Moscow as partners in the Atlantic alliance – and their former colonies is also waning.

“The world no longer works that way,” said Hernandez Bernalette. “For many African or Asian countries, the relationship with new economic players such as China is much more important, in addition to the ties, including military ties, with Russia.”

However, the loose pieces in the international scaffolding also give rise to fears and problems that seriously affect the developing South, such as the possibility of an escalation of the conflict between China and Taiwan, or the grain shortages resulting from the war in Ukraine and affecting poor importers in Africa and Asia.

Serbin said that for the countries of the South, and in particular for those of Latin America, the conflict “offers opportunities, for the placement of energy or food exports for example, provided that the necessary agreements and balances with rival powers are maintained.”

“But if the confrontation escalates and spreads beyond Europe, it will be difficult to stay non-aligned. Our countries will then have to learn to navigate in troubled waters,” he concluded.