Le prix annuel Pierre Schwed, créé en 2015 en hommage au fondateur de l’Union-IHEDN née en 1975, est destiné à récompenser l’auteur (ou les auteurs) d’une étude ...
Ensuring swift and safe recovery of personnel isolated, missing, detained or captured in a hostile territory has become a high-priority component of all EU-led Crisis Management Operations. Through its dedicated “Project Team Personnel Recovery”, the European Defence Agency (EDA) actively supports its participating Member States to enhance Personnel Recovery capabilities and improve interoperability - with tangible results.
The article below appeared in the 10th edition of European Defence Matters, the EDA’s official magazine, which you can read by clicking here.
European Defence Matters, Magazine issue 10
Any Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) military operation or civilian mission carries the risk of deployed personnel being trapped, isolated, captured and/or maltreated by enemy forces. If it occurs, such an incident can have an adverse impact not only the operation’s security but also the troops’ morale as well as general public support. It is therefore imperative to ensure the effective and quick recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel. In this regard, all possible diplomatic, civil and military options should be combined and utilised. “Keeping personnel recovery high on the EU’s agenda conveys the right signal to our soldiers on the ground”, EDA’s Capability, Armament & Technology Director, Air Commodore Peter Round stressed. He further stated that “It is our responsibility to make sure that robust and effective personnel recovery capabilities and tools are in place and available, as an integral part of any deployment”.
Since 2007 EDA’s Project Team Personnel Recovery (PT PR) has been working in support of its participating Member States (pMS) in order to enhance their Personnel Recovery (PR) capabilities and to effectively address these challenges. Under the German chairmanship and with the active participation of its 14 pMS, the PT has delivered tangible results and valuable studies. In its activities the PT is also supported by the European External Action Service’s bodies; the European Union Military Staff and the Crisis Management and Planning Directorate as well as of the newly established European Personnel Recovery Centre (EPRC), a close partner of the Agency.
As CSDP Crisis Management Operations (CMO) involve many different Member States, Third States and other partner Organisations there is a growing need for ensuring common PR principles, practices, standards and capabilities that are interoperable. As Major Constantinos Hadjisavvas, EDA’s Project Officer on PR, underlines “developing a common personnel recovery culture supported by the relevant capabilities is vital in ensuring that an effective safety net is in place for those in need in the theatre of operations”.
From conceptual framework to operational PR support
Personnel recovery is a complex process involving five main tasks: reporting, locating, supporting, recovering, and reintegrating. The first task, reporting, includes the recognition and notification that personnel have or may have become isolated. This information can be generated by an accountability mechanism, visual sightings, intelligence, and reconnaissance or even through direct contact with the isolated personnel themselves. The second step, the locating task, includes actions to find and geo-locate the isolated personnel, immediately followed by the supporting task aimed at providing them with mental, physical and emotional support. It is only once these essential preparatory steps have been taken that the core part of any PR mission, the actual physical recovery, can be launched. PR operations are finally concluded with the reintegrating task of the recovered personnel through medical assessments and debriefings before returning them back to duty and/or their families.
Situational awareness, information management, command and control aspects as well as appropriate capabilities are thus absolutely crucial for any successful PR operation. However, as Major Hadjisavvas stresses, “even with the most cutting-edge technology, personnel recovery cannot be successful unless you have trained and motivated personnel”. Working on four different but interrelated work strands (Concept, Command & Control, Equipment and Training), the PT aims at addressing the full spectrum of PR; from the cultural and conceptual context through training aspects to the development of advanced technologies.
PR FAS ATD: an operational output of EDA
PR provides the capability to safely recover isolated personnel. However, it was identified that an operational technical solution to plan, launch and monitor personnel recovery missions was missing. To close this critical gap, EDA has developed a conceptual framework which led to the successful development of the Personnel Recovery Functional Area Service Advanced Technology Demonstrator (PR FAS ATD), one of the most important operational outputs of PT PR so far.
This ATD is an information management and Command & Control (C2) system designed to increase the efficiency of PR missions and operations. In fact, PR FAS ATD supports planners and controllers with numerous functionalities and a significantly improved situational awareness.
The system is portable and works on a ‘plug and play’ basis, so it can be used by directly connecting to a number of laptops or integrating into existing networks in command posts or headquarters. Significantly, the ATD does not need any additional client software due to access via internet browser. This minimises the rollout effort and increases Information Technology (IT) security.
The demonstrator was successfully evaluated and tested during multinational courses in 2015. In mid-2016, an important milestone was reached when PR FAS ATD was finally distributed to all pMS. They can now use the tool as a web based and stand-alone system during national or multinational trainings and exercises.
Deployment Support, Training, New Projects
At this stage, the PR FAS ATD is still only a demonstrator, albeit an advanced demonstrator. In order to achieve operational capability additional organisational and technical measures have to be taken. Most important tasks include interfacing existing air command and control systems as well as the provision of service support. EDA is leading these tasks by providing deployment support to pMS, addressing the various aspects of the through-life management of the tool and ensuring its viability.
Furthermore, the Personnel Recovery Controller and Planner Courses (PRCPC), run by the six contributing Member States (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, The Netherlands, Sweden) as an EDA project ensures that trained personnel are available to support any future PR activities under CSDP. Seven editions of PRCPCs have taken place so far, the most recent in April at the EPRC in Poggio Renatico Air Base (Italy).
Additionally, by the end of 2016, pMS will also obtain a web-based e-learning tool for Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE), based on the existing Swedish e-training tool. The SERE project aims to provide pMS with PR training for their military personnel before being deployed. Instead of developing a new tool, EDA was authorised by the Swedish Armed Forces to translate the Swedish tool into English and disseminate it to all pMS. “SERE is a model of how pooling & sharing of assets and best practices can save time, resources and money”, Major Hadjisavvas explains. This tool could also be useful for the personnel deployed in the context of CSDP civilian or other humanitarian missions.
Way Ahead
The need for enhancing interoperability of European Armed Forces’ PR capabilities will be further enhanced by the increasing multinational character of CSDP operations and the volatile environment that the EU is operating in. Topics currently under consideration in the EDA to further advance this important work includes among others, the contribution to the possible revision of the EU’s conceptual framework for PR in support of CSDP and enhancing the PR efficiency with the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) support.
Finally in November 2016 the Agency in cooperation with the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) will organise a PR Conference in order to enhance awareness of the importance of PR in saving lives and protecting the EU’s reputation.
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Cet article La Marine lance une procédure disciplinaire contre un ex-pacha d’une frégate, condamné en appel pour harcèlement moral est apparu en premier sur Zone Militaire.
C'est «un oubli» qui passe mal. Le réseau social Twitter, qui revendique 310 millions d'utilisateurs par mois, a ouvert ces derniers mois des plateformes de blog un peu partout dans le monde pour dialoguer avec ses utilisateurs. Partout? Pas vraiment, car il y a un continent où ne s'est pas aventuré le petit oiseau bleu pour cette nouveauté: l'Afrique.
Der Ausbau chinesischer Außenposten im Südchinesischen Meer hat in Art, Umfang und Geschwindigkeit neue Maßstäbe gesetzt. Zwar haben auch Anrainerstaaten wie Vietnam in der Vergangenheit ihre Stützpunkte auf kleinen Inseln und Riffen erweitert, allerdings über viele Jahre und nicht binnen weniger Monate. China hat eine Gesamtfläche geschaffen, die der Kommandeur der US-Pazifikflotte ironisch als »Große Sandmauer« bezeichnete. Allen gegenteiligen Beteuerungen aus Beijing zum Trotz zeichnet sich eine Militarisierung in diesem Meer ab, dessen reiche Ressourcen und Energielagerstätten schon früher als potentielle Konfliktursachen galten.
Da das Südchinesische Meer eine wichtige Transitstrecke für internationale Handels- und Rohstofftransporte ist, wären der Welthandel sowie Japan und Südkorea unmittelbar von einer Beeinträchtigung des Schiffsverkehrs betroffen. Die Lage in Ostasien droht sich zu verschärfen, obwohl alle Staaten der Region auf stabile und sichere Seeverbindungen angewiesen sind. Im Kern handelt es sich um einen Regionalkonflikt um Seewege und Ressourcen, an dem maßgeblich Staaten der ASEAN und China beteiligt sind, der aber auch globale Auswirkungen hat: Erstens betrifft er einen »Superhighway der Meere«, auf dem fast ein Drittel des weltweiten Seehandels abgewickelt wird. Zweitens ist er eng mit der sino-amerikanischen Großmachtrivalität verknüpft. Drittens beinhaltet er einen seerechtlichen Ordnungskonflikt, der ein Grundprinzip der liberalen Weltordnung in Frage stellt – »Freiheit der See« versus exklusive Seeräume. Untersucht werden Hauptursachen, Verlauf und Implikationen dieses Konflikts sowie Wege zu dessen Einhegung im regionalen und internationalen Rahmen.
» La France est un des États qui, sur le dossier israélo-palestinien, a encore des titres à faire valoir, une continuité dans l’histoire, des positions qui jusqu’à une période récente étaient assez équilibrées, s’inscrivaient systématiquement dans le code du droit international. Je pense que l’on peut se prévaloir d’une ancienneté de participation aux résolutions de ce type de dossier. La question est de savoir si le gouvernement actuel, qui porte ce projet, aura suffisamment de courage. Je n’en suis pas persuadé.
Les dernières séquences, notamment celle du ministre des affaires étrangères, Jean-Marc Ayrault, qui s’est confondu quasiment en excuses parce que Benyamin Netanyahou avait fait un froncement de sourcils, sont assez déplorables. Il n’y a pas à s’excuser à propos de la résolution de l’Unesco. Il n’y a rien d’anti-israélien dans cette résolution, rien de répréhensible dans le code du droit international. Je suis choqué que François Hollande lui-même dise que ce vote est fâcheux. Parce qu’on dit qu’il s’agit des territoires occupés ? Oui, de fait ce sont des territoires occupés.
Si c’est là notre attitude, alors non, on n’aboutira pas à un quelconque résultat. Nous n’aurons aucun moyen pour tenter de faire avancer ce dossier. Si on porte un dossier aussi compliqué, il faut faire preuve de fermeté, de courage, de résolution. Je ne suis pas sûr que le gouvernement actuel ait ces trois qualités.
La France, bien qu’elle soit aujourd’hui une puissance moyenne, a encore, ou devrait encore avoir une forme de singularité dans les relations internationales et sa parole peut encore porter si elle fait preuve de courage. Quelles que soient les pressions israéliennes – et dans les 48 heures à venir, elles seront nombreuses sur Manuel Valls – son rôle est de dire : on continue, on monte la conférence début juin. Après on verra, à l’automne, à partir des paramètres mis noir sur blanc à la conférence du 3 juin. On passera alors à la phase suivante, en invitant les Israéliens et les Palestiniens et en continuant sur une ligne intransigeante de l’application du droit international.
En termes de timing, avec l’élection présidentielle aux États-Unis, on peut estimer que l’initiative française – une idée de Laurent Fabius –, n’est peut-être pas très appropriée. Mais on peut renverser l’argument et considérer que, puisque c’est la dernière ligne droite de Barack Obama, on peut escompter un soutien de sa part.
Ce dernier n’a plus rien à perdre. Il avait fait de belles promesses lors de sa première élection en 2008, il n’a rien fait ensuite. Il a capitulé devant l’Aipac (lobby américain pro-Israël, NDLR) pr aux États-Unis. Il s’est fait maltraiter par le gouvernement israélien. Jusqu’en janvier, date de sa passation de pouvoir, le président américain, s’il en a la volonté et le courage, est en mesure de s’émanciper de ces pressions et de s’impliquer davantage. »
Propos recueillis par Agnès Rotivel
Place: Justus Lipsius building, Brussels
Chair: Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Minister for Finance of the Netherlands
All times are approximate and subject to change
+/- ttbc
Doorstep by Minister Dijsselbloem
+/- 08.00
Annual EIB governors' meeting
Roundtable
+/- 09.00
Ministerial breakfast
+/- 11.30
Beginning of Council meeting
Adoption of the agenda
Adoption of legislative A items (public session)
Anti-Tax Avoidance Package (public session)
AOB: Financial services (public session)
Adoption of non-legislative A items
Implementation of the Banking Union
VAT Action Plan
European Semester 2016
Any other business
At the end of the meeting
Press conference (live streaming)
+/- 15.00
Economic and Financial dialogue between the EU and the Western Balkans and Turkey