Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry, chair of COP27, reads the nine-page Sharm El Sheikh Implementation Plan, the document that concluded the climate summit on Sunday Nov. 20, to an exhausted audience after tough and lengthy negotiations that finally reached an agreement to create a fund for loss and damage, a demand of the global South. CREDIT: Kiara Worth/UN
By Daniel Gutman
SHARM EL SHEIKh , Nov 20 2022 (IPS)
They were on the brink of shipwreck and did not leave happy, but did feel satisfied that they got the best they could. The countries of the global South achieved something decisive at COP27: the creation of a special fund to address the damage and loss caused by climate change in the most vulnerable nations.
The fund, according to the Sharm El Sheikh Implementation Plan, the official document approved at dawn on Sunday Nov. 20 in this Egyptian city, should enable “rehabilitation, recovery and reconstruction” following extreme weather events in these vulnerable countries.
Decisions on who will provide the money, which countries will benefit and how it will be disbursed were left pending for a special committee to define. But the fund was approved despite the fact that the issue was not even on the official agenda of the summit negotiations, although it was at the center of the public debate before the conference itself.
“We are satisfied that the developed countries have accepted the need to create the Fund. Of course, there is much to discuss for implementation, but it was difficult to ask for more at this COP,” Ulises Lovera, Paraguay’s climate change director, told IPS, weary from a longer-than-expected negotiation, early Sunday morning at the Sharm El Sheikh airport.
“This COP has taken an important step towards justice. I welcome the decision to establish a loss and damage fund and to operationalize it in the coming period,” said U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres. He also described as an achievement that a “red line” was not crossed, that would take the rise in global temperature above the 1.5-degree limit.
More than 35,000 people from nearly 200 countries participated in the 27th Conference of the Parties (COP27) on Climate Change in Sharm El Sheikh, an Egyptian seaside resort on the Red Sea, where the critical dimension of global warming in the different regions of the world was on display, sometimes dramatically.
Practically everything that has to do with the future of the modes of production and life of humanity – starting with energy and food – was discussed at a mega-event that far exceeded the official delegations of the countries and the great leaders present, such as U.S. President Joe Biden and the Brazilian president-elect, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
Hundreds of social organizations, international agencies and private sector stakeholders came here to showcase their work, seek funding, forge alliances, try to influence negotiations, defend their interests or simply be on a stage that seemed to provide a space for all kinds of initiatives and businesses.
At the gigantic Sharm El Sheikh International Convention Center there was also a global fair with non-stop activities from morning to night in the various pavilions, in stands with auditoriums of between 20 and 200 seats, where there was a flurried program of presentations, lectures and debates, not to mention the more or less crowded demonstrations of activists outside the venue.
In addition, government delegates negotiated on the crux of the summit: how to move forward with the implementation of the Paris Agreement, which at COP21 in 2015 set global climate change mitigation and adaptation targets.
United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres (3rd-R) walks hurriedly through the Sharm El Sheikh Convention Center during the last intense hours of the COP27 negotiations, when there were moments when it seemed that there would be no agreement and the climate summit would end in failure. CREDIT: Daniel Gutman/IPS
On the brink of failure
Once again, the nine-page Sharm El Sheikh Implementation Plan did not include in any of its pages a reference to the need to abandon fossil fuels, but only coal.
The document was the result of a negotiation that should have ended on Friday Nov. 18, but dragged on till Sunday, as usually happens at COPs. What was different on this occasion was a very tough discussion and threats of a walkout by some negotiators, including those of the European Union.
But in the end, the goal of limiting the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius, established in the Paris Agreement, was maintained, although several countries tried to make it more flexible up to 2.0 degrees, which would have been a setback with dramatic effects for the planet and humanity, according to experts and climate activists.
“Rapid, deep and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions (are) required – lowering global net greenhouse gas emissions by 43 percent by 2030 relative to the 2019 level – to limit global warming to 1.5°C target,” reads the text, although no mention is made of oil and gas, the fossil fuels most responsible for those emissions, in one of the usual COP compromises, since agreements are reached by consensus.
The Bolivian delegation in Sharm El Sheikh, which included officials as well as leaders of indigenous communities from the South American country, take part in a meeting with journalists at COP27 to demand more ambitious action. CREDIT: Daniel Gutman/IPS
The priorities of the South
Developing countries, however, focused throughout the COP on the Loss and Damage Fund and other financing mechanisms to address the impacts of rising temperatures and mitigation actions.
“We need financing because we cannot deal with the environmental crisis alone. That is why we are asking that, in order to solve the problem they have caused, the rich nations take responsibility,” Diego Pacheco, head of the Bolivian delegation to Sharm El Sheikh, told IPS.
Environmental organizations, which showed their power in Egypt with the presence of thousands of activists, also lobbied throughout COP27 for greater commitments, including mitigation actions.
“This conference cannot be considered an implementation conference because there is no implementation without phasing out all fossil fuels,” the main cause of the climate crisis, said Zeina Khalil Hajj of the international environmental organization 350.org.
“Together for implementation” was precisely the slogan of COP27, calling for a shift from commitments to action.
“A text that does not stop fossil fuel expansion, that does not provide progress from the already weak Glasgow Pact (from COP26) makes a mockery of the millions of people living with the impacts of climate change,” said Khalil Hajj, head of global campaigning at 350.org.
One of the demonstrations by climate activists at COP27 held in Egypt Nov. 6-20, demanding more ambitious climate action by governments, as well as greater justice and equity in tackling the climate crisis. CREDIT: Busani Bafana/IPS
The crises that came together
Humanity – as recognized by the States Parties in the final document – is living through a dramatic time.
It faces a number of overlapping crises: food, energy, geopolitical, financial and economic, combined with more frequent natural disasters due to climate change. And developing nations are hit especially hard.
The demand for financing voiced by countries of the global South thus takes on greater relevance.
Cecilia Nicolini, Argentina’s climate change secretary, told IPS that it is the industrialized countries, because of their greater responsibility for climate change, that should finance developing countries, and lamented that “the problem is that the rules are made by the powerful.”
However, 80 percent of the money now being spent worldwide on climate change action is invested in the developed world, according to the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the world’s largest funder of climate action, which has contributed 121 billion dollars to 163 countries over the past 30 years, according to its own figures.
In this context, the issue of Loss and Damage goes one step further than adaptation to climate change, because it involves reparations for the specific impacts of climate change that have already occurred, such as destruction caused by droughts, floods or forest fires.
“Those who are bearing the burden of climate change are the most vulnerable households and communities. That is why the Loss and Damage Fund must be established without delay, with new funds coming from developed countries,” said Javier Canal Albán, Colombia’s vice minister of environmental land planning.
“It is a moral and climate justice imperative,” added Canal Albán, who spoke at a press conference on behalf of AILAC, a negotiating bloc that brings together several Latin American and Caribbean countries.
But the text of the outcome document itself acknowledges that there is a widening gap between what developing countries need and what they actually receive.
The financing needs of these countries for climate action until 2030 were estimated at 5.6 trillion dollars, but developed countries – as the document recognized – have not even fulfilled their commitment to provide 100 billion dollars per year, committed since 2009, at COP15 in Copenhagen, and ratified in 2015, at COP21 which adopted the Paris Agreement.
It was the absence of any reference to the need to accelerate the move away from oil and natural gas that frustrated several of the leaders at the COP. “We believe that if we don’t phase out fossil fuels there will be no Fund that can pay for the loss and damage caused by climate change,” Susana Muhamad, Colombia’s environment minister, who was at the two-week conference in Sharm El Sheikh held Nov. 6-20, told IPS.
“We have to put the victims first in order to make an orderly and just transition,” she said, expressing the sentiments of the governments and societies of the South at COP27.
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Les travaux de construction des bâtiments devant abriter le Pôle d'Innovation et de Technologie de l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC) ont été officiellement lancés, vendredi 18 novembre 2022. C'est en présence du représentant résident du Programme des Nations Unies (PNUD) au Bénin, du Directeur Adjoint de cabinet du Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique représentant la ministre Ladékan Yayi, du représentant du ministre du numérique et de la digitalisation, du président du Conseil National du Patronat du Bénin et acteurs du monde universitaire.
Retenue à l'image de neuf autres universités africaines dans le cadre de l'initiative Timbuktoo lancée par le Bureau régional du Programme des Nations Unies (PNUD) pour l'Afrique, l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC) abrite sur son campus un Pôle d'Innovation et de Technologie. Les travaux de construction des bâtiments devant abriter le Pôle d'Innovation et de Technologie de l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC) ont été officiellement lancés, vendredi 18 novembre 2022, par le Directeur Adjoint de cabinet du Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique représentant la ministre Eléonore Ladékan Yayi.
L'objectif de l'initiative Timbuktoo est de transformer les universités publiques d'Afrique en des espaces d'innovation, d'expérimentation et d'apprentissage accéléré. Cette initiative permet de mettre en place un réseau panafricain d'innovation constitué de huit Hubs régionaux et de dix Pôles nationaux crées au sein de dix universités dont le Bénin. A l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), le Module d'Innovations Technologiques en construction occupe une superficie de 2000 m2. L'infrastructure est constituée d'un Maker-Spacer moderne disposant de huit (8) salles dédiées à huit thématiques (prototypage rapide ; réalisation audio-visuelle et réalité augmentée /visuelle ; électricité et électronique ; travail du bois ; greentech ; technologie agroalimentaire ; textiles/fabrique), d'un Laboratoire de conception moderne (Design Lab) ; d'un Espace de travail collaboratif pour des conférences, hackathon, etc. etc. d'un Bureau de transfert de technologie. Le Pôle vise à développer le capital humain productif des jeunes filles et des jeunes garçons en leur offrant le cadre, les équipements et l'accompagnement adéquats pour partir de leurs idées d'innovation à des prototypes vérifiés et mis en avant sur le marché.
« L'innovation est un moteur essentiel du progrès économique et bénéficie aux consommateurs, aux entreprises et à l'économie dans l'ensemble. (…) Les effets de l'innovation sur la croissance ne peuvent ainsi être obtenus que par sa large diffusion. C'est l'une des raisons d'être du Pôle d'Innovation et de Technologie d'Abomey-Calavi », a indiqué M. Mohamed Abchir, Représentant Résident du PNUD au Bénin. Il n'a pas manqué de remercier la directrice générale du PNUD pour la région Afrique pour avoir sélectionné le Bénin, la ministre de l'enseignement supérieur et les autorités de l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi pour avoir mis à disposition en un temps record le site devant abriter le Pôle d'Innovation et de Technologie.
Heureux de voir l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC) abriter une telle infrastructure, le vice-recteur de l'UAC, a souhaité que le Pôle d'innovation et de technologie de l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi devienne le plus tôt opérationnel. « C'est ici enfin que la recherche universitaire et les besoins du marché trouveront un espace de dialogue pour se nourrir l'un de l'autre », a déclaré Patrick Houessou, vice-recteur de l'UAC.
C'est le même sentiment de joie et d'empressement de voir le Pôle devenir opérationnel du côté du représentant de la ministre de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique Eléonore Ladékan Yayi. « Notre espoir est de voir ce module entièrement achevé, devenir un pôle d'attraction pour tous les innovateurs en sciences et technologie au Bénin », a indiqué Josué Azandegbey, Directeur adjoint de cabinet du Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique.
Le PNUD a mobilisé un financement d'environ 3 millions de dollars USD pour une période de trois ans pour la mise en œuvre de l'initiative au Bénin. Ce financement important reste en deçà de ce qui est nécessaire pour permettre au pôle d'innovation d'atteindre ses objectifs de manière adéquate. M. Mohamed Abchir, Représentant Résident du PNUD au Bénin, se veut toutefois rassurant. « Je suis convaincu que tous ensemble avec les efforts de plaidoyers que nous sommes en train de faire, nous allons garantir la durabilité de ce Centre », a indiqué le Représentant Résident du PNUD au Bénin.
Marc MENSAH
QUELQUES IMAGES DU LANCEMENT DES TRAVAUX DE CONSTRUCTION
06 agents de la société JNP ont comparu devant la Cour de répression des infractions économiques et du terrorisme (CRIET) la semaine écoulée. Les mis en cause sont poursuivis pour corruption, faux et usage de faux en écriture privée.
Pour avoir fait usage de tickets valeurs à code barre, 06 agents de la société JNP sont poursuivis à la CRIET. Parmi les inculpés, on dénombre 02 femmes. A travers leur comportement, ils auraient causé un préjudice estimé à 40 millions de francs CFA à la société distributrice de produits pétroliers.
Le ministère public a requis 05 ans de prison et 100 millions d'amendes contre les mis en cause. L'audience est renvoyée au 05 décembre 2022.
L'usage de tickets valeurs à code barre est interdit dans la société depuis mars 2019.
F. A. A.