European Peace Institute / News

The transition to Phase Two of the Comprehensive Plan to End the Gaza Conflict, following the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 2803 (2025), has brought renewed focus to the proposed International Stabilization Force (ISF). While the resolution authorizes the ISF as a central operational pillar of the next phase, significant uncertainty remains around its mandate, composition, sequencing, and relationship to emerging Palestinian governance arrangements. 

This issue brief examines the conditions under which the ISF could contribute to stabilization rather than exacerbate political and security risks. Drawing on IPI-led consultations and off-the-record discussions with regional actors, UN officials, member states, and Israeli and Palestinian experts, the brief unpacks key challenges related to anchoring stabilization in a credible political horizon, clarifying the division of labor among international and local actors, and sequencing deployment alongside Israeli withdrawal, Palestinian policing, and reconstruction. 

The brief surfaces critical questions for policymakers on mandate design, coordination, risk management, and legitimacy. It underscores that the ISF’s effectiveness will depend on its integration into a broader political framework, meaningful Palestinian participation, and clear benchmarks linking stabilization to a durable political process. 

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IPI, the Stimson Center, and Security Council Report (SCR), in partnership with the Permanent Missions of Germany and Switzerland to the UN, hosted a closed-door workshop on “MINUSMA’s Mandate Evolution and Lessons Learned” on June 13th. The workshop addressed key lessons from the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) which withdrew from Mali in December 2023.

The workshop, convened under the Chatham House rule of non-attribution, brought together representatives from the UN Secretariat and member states and external experts to take stock of the 10 years of MINUSMA’s mandate and operations. It will reflect on the inflection points, drawdowns, and lessons learned to contribute to broader discussions on the future of peacekeeping. The first session focused on a historical overview of the mission and how it evolved with Mali’s changing political and security landscape. The second session focused on lessons learned and how they can be applied to future missions.

This event is part of a series of workshops aiming to support the sustained engagement of UN member states in discussions on how to make UN peace operations’ mandates more realistic, effective, and achievable.

The post MINUSMA’s Mandate Evolution and Lessons Learned appeared first on International Peace Institute.

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On Wednesday, December 14th, IPI is hosting a Global Leaders Series event featuring H.E. Mr. Simon Coveney, T.D., Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister for Defence of Ireland.

Remarks will begin at 8:30am EDT

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Ireland has served as an elected member of the UN Security Council from January 2021 to December 2022. As Ireland’s term comes to a close, Minister Coveney will reflect on the achievements and challenges faced while on the Security Council.

Minister Coveney currently serves as Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister for Defence of Ireland. Prior to this appointment, he served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade from November 2017 until June 2020. Minister Coveney has also served as Ireland’s Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government (2016‒–2017), Minister for Defence (2014–2016), and Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine (2011–2014). He began his career as an elected member of the Dáil (Irish Parliament) in 1998. He was also elected to the European Parliament (2004–2007), where he served on the Foreign Affairs Committee and Internal Market and Consumer Affairs Committee.

This event will be moderated by Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, President and Chief Executive Officer, International Peace Institute.

The post Holding and Passing the Baton: Reflections on Ireland’s Term as an Elected Member of the UN Security Council appeared first on International Peace Institute.

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Wednesday, September 14th at 10:00am EDT
UN Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs to Launch “Guidance on Mediation of Ceasefires” at IPI
DPPA’s report presents a set of tools and approaches to strengthen agreements to support a more sustainable peace process in any setting. Its goal is to provide a baseline of technical knowledge to UN and other mediators, conflict parties, and other stakeholders in contemporary mediation processes, such as representatives of states and regional organizations, national and international nongovernmental organizations, and women’s groups. Read more>>

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Watch Videos of Past #UNGA2020 Events Monday, September 19th at 10:00am EDT
For Good Measure: Introducing the Multilateralism Index
The index provides an evidence-based assessment of multilateralism by measuring changes in international cooperation over the period 2010–2020. By providing a qualitative assessment of the multilateral system, it serves as an analytic tool to inform decision-making and guide political attention. The event provides an opportunity to present the key findings of the index and discuss concrete ways to create a stronger, more nimble multilateral system to meet the challenges of today and of the coming decades. Read more>>

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Monday, September 19th at 3:00pm EDT
Doing Aid Better: Actions to Support Local Leadership in Policy, Funding, and Practice
This conversation will explore actions the international community can take to shift policy, funding, and practice in support of local civil society efforts and to change the power dynamics to ensure a meaningful seat at the table for local actors. Read more>>

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Wednesday, September 21st at 8:00am EDT
Achieving Sustainable Peace and Security through Gender-Responsive Leadership
Gender-responsive leadership is essential for building gender-equal peace and security organizations. Presentations at the event will focus on good practices, challenges, and opportunities around gender-responsive leadership and how leaders have incorporated this concept into their daily work to advance gender-equal peace and security. Read more>>

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Friday, September 23rd at 10:00am EDT
First Kofi Annan Lecture Series Event to Feature Mia Mottley, Prime Minister of Barbados
IPI in partnership with the Kofi Annan Foundation, Open Society Foundations, and International Crisis Group will cohost the inaugural event in the Kofi Annan Lecture Series featuring H.E. Mia Mottley, Prime Minister of Barbados. The series provides an opportunity for leaders to set out new ideas and agendas for international cooperation and diplomacy, recalling Secretary-General Annan’s role in championing rules-based cooperation and sustainable solutions. Read more>>

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On Tuesday, May 24th, The United Nations University Centre for Policy Research, the International Review of the Red Cross and IPI are hosting a webinar on “United Nations Security Council Sanctions, International Humanitarian Law, and Humanitarian Action: Contrast and Convergence.”

Remarks will begin at 6:00am PDT / 9:00am EDT

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This discussion will draw on several recent publications and projects, including the International Review of the Red Cross’s double edition on “Counterterrorism, Sanctions and War,” the United Nations University’s project on “UN Sanctions and Humanitarian Action,” and the International Peace Institute’s policy paper on “Carving Out Space for Humanitarian Action in the UN Security Council’s Counterterrorism Resolutions and Related Sanctions.” All of these have called for confronting the continued challenges posed by Security Council sanctions to humanitarian organizations and offered solutions to address them.

This virtual discussion will provide the opportunity to reflect on the ways the Security Council has approached humanitarian action within both the ISIL/al-Qaida sanctions regime and conflict-related sanctions regimes.

Download the the agenda and concept note here>>

The post UN Security Council Sanctions, IHL and Humanitarian Action: Contrast and Convergence appeared first on International Peace Institute.

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On Tuesday, November 30th, IPI together with GWL Voices for Change and Inclusion is cohosting a policy forum on “Commemorating the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women: Addressing Perpetration at Social and Institutional Levels.”

Remarks will begin at 10:00am PST / 1:00pm EST

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In 2021, violence against women (VAW) remains a major global issue. During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions on movement prevented many women from escaping the perpetrators of VAW, who are often their partners. In addition, there have been ongoing cases of VAW perpetrated by the very people entrusted with women’s protection, including police officers sexually assaulting and killing young women in the UK and peacekeepers in conflict areas abusing their position of trust as protectors of host communities and representatives of the UN.

This event presents an opportunity to broaden the way VAW is typically viewed by focusing inward on the social, domestic, and institutional levels. In addition to discussing patterns related to VAW, panelists will highlight ways in which civil society has addressed these patterns and how the international community can support civil society efforts as well as promote reform from within its own institutions. Panelists will also provide insight on the role of multilateral institutions in creating agendas and partnerships to prevent VAW at all levels.

Speakers:
Susana Malcorra, former Minister of Foreign Affairs & Worship (2015–2017), Argentina; former Under-Secretary-General, UN Department of Field Support; member and co-founder, GWL Voices
Åsa Regnér, Deputy Executive Director for Policy, Programme, Civil Society and Intergovernmental Support, UN Women
Fatiha Serour, co-founder, Justice Impact Lab; former Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Somalia; member, Africa Group for Justice and Accountability; member, GWL Voices

Moderator:
Adam Lupel, IPI Vice President

The post Commemorating the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women appeared first on International Peace Institute.

The post IPI’s Francesco Mancini Discusses Syria and Crisis in the Middle East [Arise TV, skip ahead to minute 26] appeared first on International Peace Institute.

The post IPI’s Arthur Boutellis Discusses the Demise of M23 in the DRC and the UN’s Intervention Brigade [VOA News] appeared first on International Peace Institute.

The post IPI’s Adam Smith Talks About M23 and the UN’s Intervention Brigade [All Things Considered, NPR] appeared first on International Peace Institute.

On May 14-15, IPI, together with the Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports, and the Austrian Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs, will host the 43rd Annual IPI Vienna Seminar which will focus on the dangerous nexus between crime, conflict and terrorism in failing states.

The live webcast from Vienna will begin at 9:30am GMT+1

More info:

Vienna_Seminar_Program.pdf

The webcast will broadcast two sessions:

Tuesday at 9:30-10am GMT+1 Opening/Welcoming Remarks

Wednesday at 11:15-12:45pm GMT+1 Sovereignty Under Attack: What are the Implications of the Dangerous Nexus on International Relations and Security Policy

The post IPI Vienna Seminar on Crime, Conflict, and Terrorism in Failing States appeared first on International Peace Institute.

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Organized by the Permanent Mission of Pakistan, the Arria-formula meeting on upholding the sanctity of treaties on January 30th brought together UN Security Council members and legal experts to address the escalating challenges to the international legal order.

In his briefing to the UN Security Council, IPI President Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein stressed “So apparent is [the importance of treaties], and so obvious is the anarchy that would result from their wholesale weakening, that is it not like asking ourselves to make a case for breathing?”

The meeting served as a vital call to action for Member States to recalibrate their engagement with the multilateral system—not by withdrawing from it, but by reinforcing the legal frameworks that have preserved international peace and security for decades.

The post IPI President Briefs UN Security Council Arria-Formula Meeting on Upholding the Sanctity of International Treaties appeared first on International Peace Institute.

Peacekeeping-intelligence (PKI) plays a central role in enhancing the safety and security of UN personnel and in supporting mandate implementation, particularly the protection of civilians. Yet despite growing recognition that gender dynamics shape conflict behavior, threat patterns, and community engagement, gender perspectives remain unevenly integrated across PKI institutions, analytical processes, and training systems. This limits missions’ situational awareness, weakens their early-warning capacity, and constrains their operational effectiveness. 

This issue brief examines how gender can be more systematically integrated into PKI across three interrelated dimensions: the representation of women within PKI institutions, the integration of gender perspectives across the PKI cycle, and the design and delivery of PKI training. Drawing on UN policies and more than 100 interviews with personnel across five peacekeeping missions, the brief highlights persistent structural, analytical, and institutional gaps that undermine gender-responsive intelligence. 

The brief argues that integrating gender into PKI is not merely a normative obligation but a core operational requirement. Advancing this agenda requires sustained investment in workforce diversity, analytical methodologies, data systems, training design, and institutional collaboration to strengthen predictive capacity, enhance civilian protection, and improve mission performance. 

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The post The Operational Imperative of Integrating Gender into Peacekeeping-Intelligence appeared first on International Peace Institute.

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IPI and the Permanent Mission of Latvia to the United Nations cohosted a public discussion on Navigating Frontline Challenges for the use of Technology in UN Peace Operations on December 11th.

The event examined how UN peace operations should navigate the changing technology landscape to maximize potential benefits for efficiency and effectiveness, address changing threats posed by the use of technology by conflict parties, and mitigate the risks and potential harms presented by the introduction of new technologies into peacekeeping environments. As the Secretariat’s ongoing review of the future of all forms of UN peace operations examines opportunities for new mission modalities and formats, this event considered the potential role of new technologies across various types of mission configurations. This could include, for example, the appropriate balance of remote sensing technologies and on-the-ground presence in a future ceasefire-monitoring mission. Panelists also discussed the political, operational, and ethical implications of new peacekeeping technologies within the current geopolitical and financial environment and proposed opportunities to adapt the UN’s technology and innovation agenda in light of these challenges.

Opening Remarks:
H.E. Sanita Pavļuta-Deslandes, Permanent Representative of Latvia to the United Nations

Speakers:
Remi Clavet, Chief of Joint Mission Analysis Center (JMAC), UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) (Virtual)
Dirk Druet, Non-Resident Fellow, International Peace Institute
Major Modris Kairišs, Head of Autonomous Systems Competence Center, National Armed Forces of Latvia (Virtual)
Barbara Nieuwenhuys, Digital Transformation Team, UN Department of Peace Operations (DPO)

Closing Remarks:
H.E. Usman Iqbal Jadoon, Deputy Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations (Virtual)

Moderator:
Lauren McGowan, Policy Analyst, International Peace Institute

The post Navigating Frontline Challenges for the Use of Technology in UN Peace Operations appeared first on International Peace Institute.

A message from the President of IPI: We are all heartbroken by the news we have lost a cherished member of our small IPI/IPA family in the form of Ambassador David Malone DPhil, who served as our President with great distinction from 1998 to 2004. We extend our condolences to David’s family, as well as to his diplomatic family in Canada.

Loved and respected by the UN Think-Tank community, David was ubiquitous throughout Turtle Bay when leading IPA, always in the thick of things, tugging at old approaches and suggesting new ways of analyzing multilateralism. He did so brilliantly and—true to his personality, often playfully. He was a most remarkable man and a friend to so many of us. We will miss him sorely.

The post In Memoriam: David M. Malone appeared first on International Peace Institute.

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IPI, together with Independent Diplomat cohosted a discussion on November 13th on innovative means to engage non-state actors in multilateral conflict resolution and prevention.

As armed conflicts reach their highest level in decades and the UN Security Council faces mounting criticism for its inability to prevent or resolve contemporary crises, there is an urgent need for more effective approaches to international peacemaking. One gap in current approaches is the lack of meaningful engagement with non-state actors, including armed groups, political opposition parties, and civil society movements—particularly within the Security Council. To fill this gap, the nonprofit diplomatic advisory group Independent Diplomat (ID) launched the “Meet the Parties” (MTP) platform.

MTP offers an impartial, confidential platform for UN Security Council members to engage multilaterally with non-state stakeholders—many of them politically contested. Over the past two years, ID has facilitated dozens of discreet MTP meetings between Security Council members and non-state actors from Afghanistan, Cameroon, South Sudan, Syria, and Sudan. MTP demonstrates that informal, unconventional approaches to diplomacy can positively influence both affected parties and international stakeholders.

This event presented a new policy report with findings from the first comprehensive assessment of the MTP initiative. The report spotlights practical methods to strengthen the inclusion of non-state actors in Security Council consultations. It also explores the transferability of these lessons beyond the Security Council, including to the UN Peacebuilding Commission, the African Union, and other multilateral forums.

Speakers:
Reza Afshar, OBE, Executive Director, Independent Diplomat
Andreas Løvold, Deputy Permanent Representative of Norway to the UN
Larry Johnson, Former UN Assistant Secretary-General for Legal Affairs
Kevin Irakoze, Assistant Professor, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Mariam Jalabi, Co-founder, Syrian Women’s Political Movement

Moderator:
Jenna Russo, Director of Research, Head of the Brian Urquhart Center for Peace Operations, International Peace Institute

The post Meet the Parties: Strengthening Multilateral Diplomacy through Inclusive Engagement with Non-state Actors appeared first on International Peace Institute.

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IPI and the International Civil Society Action Network (ICAN) cohosted an interactive event on “The Ghosts of 1325: Past, Present, Future” followed by a reception, on October 29th.

Bringing together women peacebuilders, civil society leaders, member states, UN agencies, and media, this event was hosted in partnership with the Permanent Mission of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, the Permanent Mission of Norway to the United Nation, the Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC), Legal Action Worldwide (LAW), the PAIMAN Alumni Foundation, the Association for War Affected Women (AWAW), the Center for Civil Society and Democracy (CCSD), the Coalition for the UN We Need (C4UN), and Wo=Men Dutch Gender Platform.

Speakers invoked “The Ghosts of 1325”—carrying the voices of the past, present, and future to confront the Security Council with its unfilled promises. The event provided an opportunity for reflecting on, reckoning with, and renewing collective commitment to the vision of Resolution 1325.

On October 31, 2000, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security (WPS)—the first resolution to recognize women’s leadership and participation as critical to peace and security. From the outset, civil society has driven the WPS agenda, setting its vision, pushing governments to act, and holding them accountable while leading implementation on the ground.

Twenty-five years later, despite normative progress, women’s inclusion in peace processes remains the exception rather than the rule. Implementation has too often lagged behind rhetoric, and the WPS agenda risks being sidelined in transactional geopolitics. An agenda rooted in the prevention of war and humanization of security stands in contrast to current trends of rising violence and militarization. Marking the 25th anniversary offers an opportunity not merely to commemorate, but to provoke urgent reflection: What if 1325 were fully realized? What if it fades into irrelevance?

Speakers:
Phoebe Donnelly, Senior Fellow and Head of Women, Peace, and Security, International Peace Institute
Andreas Løvold, Deputy Permanent Representative of Norway to the United Nations
Paul Shrubsole, Acting WPS Focal Point, Permanent Mission of the United Kingdom to the United Nations
Sanam Anderlini, Founder and CEO, International Civil Society Action Network (ICAN)
Visaka Dharmadasa, Founder and Chair, Association of War Affected Women
Cerue Garlo, Women’s Alliance for Security Leadership
Mossarat Qadeem, Founder and President PAIMAN Alumni Trust
Helena Gronberg, Program Director, ICAN
France Bognon, Managing Director and Co-CEO, ICAN
Rajaa Altalli, Co-Founder, Center for Civil Society and Democracy
Adam Lupel, Executive Director, Coalition for the UN We Need
Mobina S.B. Jaffer, Former Canadian Senator representing British Columbia
Anwarul K. Chowdhury, Founder of Global Movement for the Culture of Peace

 

The post The Ghosts of 1325: Past, Present, Future appeared first on International Peace Institute.

With just five years left to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, the global financing gap has widened to $4.3 trillion per year. The Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD), held in Sevilla in July 2025, sought to renew multilateral consensus around mobilizing resources for sustainable development.

This issue brief by David Mulet analyzes the Compromiso de Sevilla—the conference’s negotiated outcome—and the Sevilla Platform for Action (SPA), a voluntary registry of 130 coalitions and initiatives. It highlights how new mechanisms on sovereign debt, blended finance, and climate-linked instruments are translating commitments into action. 

At the same time, the brief underscores persistent gaps in systemic reform, including of the international debt architecture, international tax cooperation, the large-scale reallocation of special drawing rights, governance of the multilateral development banks, and climate finance. It argues that closing the global financing gap requires bridging intergovernmental commitments with voluntary innovation to ensure that experimentation accumulates into structural change. 

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The post The Financing for Development Agenda after Sevilla: Aligning Commitments and Actions appeared first on International Peace Institute.

Resolution 2719—adopted in December 2023—established a framework for using UN assessed contributions to fund up to 75 percent of AU-led peace operations authorized by the Security Council. Yet nearly two years later, the Security Council has yet to authorize an AU-led peace support operation that could mobilize funding under Resolution 2719 after efforts to apply the framework in Somalia failed to achieve consensus.

In this context, the International Peace Institute (IPI), the Stimson Center, and Security Council Report convened a workshop on September 10, 2025, to assess progress in implementing UN Security Council Resolution 2719. Participants discussed the AU–UN joint roadmap for implementing the resolution, the political and financial challenges that have emerged, and lessons from the failed attempt to apply the resolution to the AU Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM).

The workshop underscored the need to maintain political momentum behind the resolution, secure predictable and sustainable funding, and strengthen coordination between the AU and UN. Participants highlighted that its success will depend on flexible, context-specific implementation and on demonstrating tangible results for peace and security on the ground.

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The post Partnership in Peace Operations: Implementing Resolution 2719 appeared first on International Peace Institute.

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IPI in partnership with UN Women and the Mexican Network for Feminist Foreign Policy, with the support of the Open Society Foundations (OSF), cohosted a side event held on the margins of the 4th Ministerial Conference on Feminist Foreign Policies, on the topic of “Sharing Regional Best Practices to Localize Feminist Foreign Policies”  October 22nd, in Paris, France.

This multistakeholder event brought together civil society representatives from Latin America and Africa, UN stakeholders, and government officials. Its connected activists and policymakers, strengthened both North-South and South-South collaboration, and shared best practices in localizing feminist foreign policy approaches. The conversation also highlighted emerging research on community-based care initiatives.

This event convened policymakers, member state representatives, and civil society experts to exchange context-specific strategies for localizing feminist foreign policies.

Panelists:
Ambassador Ethel Davis, Ambassador At-Large, Policy Advisory Council, Government of Liberia
Ambassador Arlene Tickner, Ambassador At-Large for Gender Issues and Global Feminist Politics, Government of Colombia
Toni Haastrup, African Feminist Collective for Feminist Informed Policies
Elizabeth Guadalupe Mosqueda Rivera, Collegiate Director of Consorcio Oaxaca and Representative from the Mexican Network for Feminist Foreign Policy
Jennifer Piscopo, Director of the Gender Institute and Professor of Gender and Politics, Royal Holloway University of London; Principle Investigator of CaRI: Care, Rights, and Inclusion Project
Evyn Papworth, Policy Analyst, Women, Peace and Security, IPI

Moderator:
Phoebe Donnelly, Head of Women, Peace and Security Program for IPI

The post Sharing Regional Best Practices to Localize Feminist Foreign Policies appeared first on International Peace Institute.

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In October 2025, the UN community will mark the 25th anniversary of UN Security Council Resolution 1325, which launched the women, peace, and security (WPS) agenda. Since 2019, IPI has analyzed challenges and successes in increasing uniformed women’s meaningful participation in peace operations as part of its partnership with the Elsie Initiative for Peace Operations, contributing to a global community of practice that provides evidence-based research on gender and peacekeeping. Over the past six years, this research has explored a range of topics related to women in peace operations, highlighting gaps and offering actionable recommendations for the implementation of the WPS agenda.

IPI in partnership with the Elsie Initiative for Women in Peace Operations (led by Global Affairs Canada), the Stimson Center, the Latin American Security and Defence Network (RESDAL), and the Gender and Security Sector (GSS) Lab, cohosted a hybrid policy forum on October 9th on “Reflecting on 25 Years of the WPS Agenda: Lessons Learned from Gender Research and UN Peace Operations.

The conversation was an opportunity to share research findings, reflect on lessons and challenges for women in peacekeeping, consider the role of research in advancing the WPS agenda, and strengthen communities of practice to ensure the sustainable implementation of recommendations on gender equality in peacekeeping in the years to come. With discussions around UN reforms underway, severe funding crises, shrinking space for women’s civil society, and rising anti-gender backlash, partnerships between researchers, practitioners, and member states committed to defending and advancing the WPS agenda are more important than ever.

Opening Remarks:
Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, President and CEO, International Peace Institute
Lieutenant General Mohan Subramanian, Force Commander, United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) (virtual)

Speakers:
Jacqueline O’Neill, former Women, Peace and Security Ambassador for Canada; Director, Global Affairs Canada
Lisa Sharland, Senior Fellow and Director, Protecting Civilians & Human Security, Stimson Center
Elisa Rial, Program Coordinator, Latin American Security and Defence Network (RESDAL) (virtual)
Roya Izadi, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Rhode Island
Joana Osei-Tutu, Deputy Director, Women Youth Peace and Security Institute, Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) (virtual)
Colonel Roger Nilsson, Counsellor, Military Advisor, Permanent Mission of Sweden to the United Nations

Closing Remarks:
Christian Saunders, Under-Secretary-General and Special Coordinator on Improving the UN Response to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse

Moderator:
Phoebe Donnelly, Senior Fellow and Head of Women, Peace, and Security, International Peace Institute

The post Reflecting on 25 Years of the WPS Agenda: Lessons Learned from Gender Research and UN Peace Operations appeared first on International Peace Institute.