Diplomacy & Defense Think Tank News

L'Europe face au défi du repli identitaire Institut Montaigne lun 06/11/2017 - 10:36

La crise des démocraties européennes a conduit à un repli sur soi et à un réveil des cicatrices du passé, comme le prouve l'exemple de la Catalogne. Populisme et indépendantisme sont aujourd'hui les deux facettes d'un même malaise identitaire.

Bonn, 06.11.2017. Heute beginnt in Bonn die UN-Klimakonferenz (23rd Conference of the Parties, COP23) unter der Präsidentschaft Fidschis.Das Pariser Abkommen strebt an, auf Basis nationaler Klimapläne, der sogenannten Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), den globalen Temperaturanstieg auf möglichst 1,5 Grad über dem Niveau vor der Industrialisierung zu begrenzen, um die gefährlichsten Folgen des Klimawandels abzuwenden. Aktuell reicht weder die Summe der eingegangenen Selbstverpflichtungen zur Zielerreichung, noch schaffen es die Länder, Deutschland eingeschlossen, diese unzureichenden Selbstverpflichtungen überhaupt umzusetzen. Die diesjährige Klimakonferenz muss daher zeigen, wie ernst die Weltgemeinschaft das Pariser Abkommen nimmt, und sie sollte als Chance genutzt werden, um Klimaschutz und nachhaltige Entwicklung besser zu verzahnen. Fidschis eigene Situation als verletzlicher Inselstaat zeigt: Klima und Entwicklung sind untrennbar miteinander verbunden. Die ökologische und ökonomische Komponente des Klimaschutzes muss auch die soziale Dimension miteinbeziehen, um kein Land mit den Auswirkungen des Klimawandels zurückzulassen. Der Klimagipfel in Bonn sollte daher ein eindrucksvolles Signal für die enge Verzahnung von Klimaschutz und nachhaltiger Entwicklung setzen, um auch Wegweisend für die nächsten SDG-Fortschrittsberichte vor dem High Level Political Forum (HLPF) der Vereinten Nationen in New York zu sein. Wir brauchen deshalb jetzt ein global geteiltes Verständnis, um integrierte und weitreichendere Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien und Klimapläne zu initiieren. Klimaabkommen von Paris und Agenda 2030 - gemeinsam schneller weiter Diese beiden historischen Agenden sind die beiden Leitplanken für den Erhalt dieses einen Planeten: Die SDGs erfordern eine integrierte Umsetzung der ökologischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Dimension von Nachhaltigkeit ebenso wie Klimaschutzmaßnahmen und nachhaltige Entwicklung zusammengedacht und weit über ökologische und ökonomische Komponenten hinausgehen müssen. Die Agenden benötigen daher gemeinsame  Umsetzungspfade. Das unterstreicht auch eine neue Analyse, die das Deutsche Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) gemeinsam mit dem Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) realisiert hat. Unter dem Titel NDC-SDG Connections wurden mehr als 160 Klimapläne hinsichtlich ihres inhaltlichen Beitrags zu den Zielen und Unterzielen der Agenda 2030 analysiert. Diese Analyse wird in einem interaktiven Online-Tool visuell dargestellt und auf der COP23 in Bonn erstmals vorgestellt. NDC-SDG Connections ermöglicht die Erkundung der Schnittstellen zwischen NDCs und SDGs auf drei Ebenen: Erstens, zeigt das das Tool, in welchem Ausmaß und auf welche Weise die mehr als 160 eingereichten NDCs zu den 17 SDGs beitragen. Eine zweite Ebene zeigt, welche Art von Klimamaßnahmen zur Umsetzung der einzelnen Unterziele der SDGs beitragen können. Dieser Einblick ermöglicht eine schnelle Einschätzung, in welchen Bereichen Klimamaßnahmen bereits einen großen Beitrag zur Umsetzung der Agenda 2030 leisten; und sie zeigt zugleich, wie beide Agenden inhaltlich ineinandergreifen, um eine ergänzende Umsetzung zu gewährleisten. Eine dritte Perspektive unterstreicht den vernetzten Charakter der 17 SDGs; und sie zeigt, wie bereits in den Klimamaßnahmen Synergien mit mehreren Nachhaltigkeitszielen gleichzeitig angelegt sind. Interdependenzen betonen – Umsetzung stärken Ein Blick auf die Klimamaßnahmen durch die Brille der SDGs im Rahmen von NDC-SDG Connections ermöglicht es politischen Entscheidungsträgern, Zivilgesellschaft und anderen Stakeholdern, einen schnellen Überblick darüber zu erhalten, wie sich das Pariser Abkommen inhaltlich mit der Agenda 2030 ergänzt. Dafür sollte der rückwärtsgewandte SDG-Review-Prozess  vor dem HLPF zum Anlass genommen werden, um das regelmäßige Anpassen der verpflichtenden Klimapläne systematisch zu informieren – und umgekehrt. Nur wenn Maßnahmen zur Erreichung des Pariser Abkommens und der SDGs ineinandergreifen, können mögliche Zielkonflikte zwischen den beiden Agenden erkannt und abgemildert werden. Zusätzlich zu den offiziellen Verhandlungen, können wir alle im Rahmen der zahlreichen Austauschmöglichkeiten in Bonn während der COP23 unsere Stimme erheben. Dazu zählen die offiziellen UN- Side-Events sowie Veranstaltungen in der sogenannten „Bonn Zone“, eine interaktive Ausstellung im „Climate Planet“, angekündigte Demonstrationen sowie die „Interconnection Zone“ am Deutschen Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), unterstützt vom Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ), die speziell darauf ausgerichtet ist, im Rahmen von mehr als 40 Veranstaltungen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Klimaschutz und nachhaltiger Entwicklung zu debattieren. Lasst uns gemeinsam ein kooperatives Zeichen für unseren Planeten Erde setzen!

Clara Brandi und Hannah Janetschek sind wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterinnen am Deutschen Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), Adis Dzebo ist Research Fellow am Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI).

You can read here the article on the future of the Hellenic Army which was written by Director General of ELIAMEP Dr Thanos Dokos. This commentary was published in the Greek daily Kathimerini on 1 November 2017 [in Greek].

DT 11/2017 - 6/11/2017
Nancy Elena Ferreira Gomes

Frente a la aparición de problemas de gobernabilidad transatlántica, el desafío pasará por la capacidad que tenga el espacio iberoamericano de conseguir congregar una heterogeneidad de países en torno a un núcleo de valores y descubrir los intereses estratégicos que comparten.

The aim of China’s Silk Road Initiative is to bolster both its international legitimacy and its geopolitical power. One important element of the initiative is the plan to transport export goods by high-speed train to Western Europe. In order to ensure that rapid freight transit is profitable in the long term, Beijing believes that major changes are needed along the borders of Central Asia. The Chinese government has explicitly called for reforms from its partner countries, including Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, meaning greater economic openness, regional cooperation and modern border crossings.

The opportunities for change in Central Asia are now much better than in the past. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan’s growth models have reached their limits and both countries are now under considerable pressure to reform. Uzbekistan’s new president has also announced promising new reform policies. In addition, political rule in Central Asia is now more institutionalized and, therefore, increasing scope for partial reforms. Furthermore, since the beginning of the century, China has become a powerful actor in the region. Unlike Russia, it is interested in better intra-regional cooperation in Central Asia and, ultimately, the Silk Road Initiative provides incentives for reform and greater cooperation at the borders.

For Germany and the EU, it might be worth discussing common interests with China and how synergies could be used to positively influence the reforms. The EU can draw on the knowledge and experience gained from its long-term project on border reforms in Central Asia.

Ten years after Hamas violently seized power in Gaza, and following a string of failures to reconcile the Palestinian factions, there are now signs of a rapprochement between Fatah and Hamas. In September 2017 the Hamas leadership announced it would dissolve the administrative committee it had established in March, opening the way for the Palestinian Authority (PA) to take over the government in the Gaza Strip. In mid-October representatives of Hamas and Fatah signed an Egyptian-mediated reconciliation agreement. On 1 November PA forces were deployed to the Palestinian side of the Rafah border crossing with Egypt. Even if there are still major obstacles to merging the two security apparatuses, establishing a unity government, restoring the democratic process and achieving comprehensive reconciliation – the chances of the rapprochement preventing another round of armed conflict and improving the situation for the population in crisis-ridden Gaza are considerably better this time around. Germany and its European partners should help to accentuate the positive dynamics, support permanent improvements of the situation in Gaza through practical steps and work towards comprehensive reconciliation between the Palestinian factions.

On November 3rd, IPI welcomed researchers from the Advanced Consortium on Cooperation, Conflict and Complexity (AC4) at the Earth Institute-Columbia University to share their findings on the central attributes of peaceful communities. In attendance were representatives from various Permanent Missions to the UN, civil society representatives and UN staff.

The event, held under the Chatham House rule of non-attribution, was opened by Youssef Mahmoud, IPI Senior Adviser, who outlined the main features of IPI’s ongoing work on sustaining peace, which focuses in on modalities and processes for identifying and strengthening the existing resilient capacities of societies under stress, rather than the factors that drive and sustain conflict. To do this, he said, it is important to uncover and measure the factors that are associated with durable peace.

The participants then heard a presentation from lead researcher Peter T. Coleman, Executive Director of AC4, and his team, Douglas P. Fry, Larry S. Liebovitch and Jaclyn Donahue, which showcased the recent findings of their project entitled The Science of Sustaining Peace. They outlined the research being done at AC4, which aims to identify, map and model the factors relating to sustaining peace and the prevention of destructive conflict.

The research utilizes historical and anthropological data, among other sources, to identify the key factors present in peaceful societies throughout history and in the present day. The data shows, firstly, that peaceful societies are possible and war is a relatively new idea in the span of human history.

Secondly, the data reveals some key factors that peaceful societies have in common such as interconnections between subgroups and forms of interdependence, a culture of nonviolence and an overarching social identity. Dr. Coleman also highlighted that though these factors are common throughout peaceful societies, the relationships between them are sometimes unclear in the context of complex societies. Promoting one factor may have unforeseen consequences in relationship to other factors.

To better understand the relationship between these complex factors, the team at AC4 has created both a qualitative and a mathematical model. The models are intended to map data and factors, and foster a better understanding of the relationship between factors. These outputs will be used to assist policymakers in understanding the effects of interventions, and hopefully inform future policies on the road to sustaining peace.

Though the project is still ongoing, Dr. Coleman ended the presentation by offering preliminary policy recommendations on the implementation of sustaining peace. Research has shown that one of the key investments policymakers can make is in peace education. By promoting education at a young age that focuses on topics such as conflict resolution, non-warring values, cooperative learning, and violence prevention, children will learn to think critically and make decisions that will promote peaceful societies throughout their lives.

The floor was then opened to participants for comment. Speakers noted that existing work on the topic contains considerable gaps, such as incomplete research and inadequate consultation with local voices in sustaining peace. It was also noted that existing research often lacks a gender component, which is integral to sustaining peace. Speakers further argued that in-depth research that incorporates inclusive consultation will greatly assist their work as policy makers. Many speakers expressed interest in knowing how the research presented by AC4 and other institutions can be translated into coherent policy recommendations that make the sustaining peace agenda more effective.

Mr. Mahmoud closed the event by reiterating that emphasis must be put on mapping sustainable peace as well as spotting drivers of conflict. He commended the research produced by AC4, and he noted that evidence-based analysis will continue to be important to understanding and implementing sustainable peace.

ARI 85/2017 - 6/11/2017
Iliana Olivié, Manuel Gracia y Mª Dolores Gomariz

España mantiene la 12ª posición en el Índice Elcano de Presencia Global, aunque pierda cuota de presencia global en todas sus dimensiones (al igual que otros países de su entorno).

"Trauma" – das Wort stammt aus dem Griechischen und bedeutet ursprünglich "Verletzung" oder "Wunde". Um solche Verletzungen, um solche Wunden, die zumeist nicht sichtbar sind, die aber tiefe Narben in den Kinderseelen hinterlassen haben, ging es bei einer Expertentagung am 7. Oktober 2017 im Konferenzzentrum München.

The adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the conclusion of the Paris Agreement in the closing months of 2015 represented a significant moment in the global movement towards sustainability. There is enormous potential for co-benefits to arise from the mutually supportive implementation processes of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) elaborated in the 2030 Agenda and the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) underpinning the legally binding Paris Agreement. Countries’ NDCs, their climate plans, include not only commitments to mitigate emissions but also address many other themes relevant to sustainable development. We present key findings of a fine-grained analysis of how climate activities in the NDCs contribute to SDGs and their targets. Under the provisions of the Paris Agreement, countries will submit an updated NDC every five years, the intention being that they scale-up their ambitions. The first full review (“global stocktake”) will occur in 2023, but an initial stocktaking exercise will take place in 2018 (“facilitative dialogue”). Implementation of the 2030 Agenda is based on national sustainable development (SD) strategies that vary from country to country. At the global level, Follow-Up and Review mechanisms take place during the annual High Level Political Forum (HLPF) at the United Nations in New York. As a rule, these two implementation processes are kept separate, despite the many existing thematic overlaps and the shared objective of achieving global SD, but our analysis emphasises that the climate activities in the NDCs can support the achievement of a multitude of SDGs and their targets. They not only cover themes relevant to SDG 13 but also many other important fields of sustainable development. NDC climate activities also underline the interlinked character of the SDGs. In fact, numerous NDC climate activities entail synergies that can promote several SDGs at once. To generate co-benefits, NDC and SDG implementation processes should be coordinated 1) to prevent duplication and thereby reduce the costs, and 2) to achieve a more systematic implementation of the 2030 Agenda at country level that utilises already committed activities in NDCs to leverage synergies between both agendas. Moving forward, the opportunity to connect the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda should be considered in order to promote policy coherence by maximising co-benefits and systematically mediating trade-offs for a more efficient implementation: -      In the context of the Paris Agreement, countries should use future NDC updates to more closely align their climate activities with the SDGs. -      In the context of the 2030 Agenda, SD strategies should meaningfully complement NDCs. -      Co-benefits have the potential to increase the motivation for countries to fulfil commitments, but trade-offs should be anticipated early on in order to implement both agendas more effectively.

The adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the conclusion of the Paris Agreement in the closing months of 2015 represented a significant moment in the global movement towards sustainability. There is enormous potential for co-benefits to arise from the mutually supportive implementation processes of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) elaborated in the 2030 Agenda and the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) underpinning the legally binding Paris Agreement. Countries’ NDCs, their climate plans, include not only commitments to mitigate emissions but also address many other themes relevant to sustainable development. We present key findings of a fine-grained analysis of how climate activities in the NDCs contribute to SDGs and their targets. Under the provisions of the Paris Agreement, countries will submit an updated NDC every five years, the intention being that they scale-up their ambitions. The first full review (“global stocktake”) will occur in 2023, but an initial stocktaking exercise will take place in 2018 (“facilitative dialogue”). Implementation of the 2030 Agenda is based on national sustainable development (SD) strategies that vary from country to country. At the global level, Follow-Up and Review mechanisms take place during the annual High Level Political Forum (HLPF) at the United Nations in New York. As a rule, these two implementation processes are kept separate, despite the many existing thematic overlaps and the shared objective of achieving global SD, but our analysis emphasises that the climate activities in the NDCs can support the achievement of a multitude of SDGs and their targets. They not only cover themes relevant to SDG 13 but also many other important fields of sustainable development. NDC climate activities also underline the interlinked character of the SDGs. In fact, numerous NDC climate activities entail synergies that can promote several SDGs at once. To generate co-benefits, NDC and SDG implementation processes should be coordinated 1) to prevent duplication and thereby reduce the costs, and 2) to achieve a more systematic implementation of the 2030 Agenda at country level that utilises already committed activities in NDCs to leverage synergies between both agendas. Moving forward, the opportunity to connect the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda should be considered in order to promote policy coherence by maximising co-benefits and systematically mediating trade-offs for a more efficient implementation: -      In the context of the Paris Agreement, countries should use future NDC updates to more closely align their climate activities with the SDGs. -      In the context of the 2030 Agenda, SD strategies should meaningfully complement NDCs. -      Co-benefits have the potential to increase the motivation for countries to fulfil commitments, but trade-offs should be anticipated early on in order to implement both agendas more effectively.

Even though the country is a regional frontrunner, Georgian democracy is not yet consolidated. Parliamentary elections in 2016 saw the governing Georgian Dream returned with a constitutional majority. The October 2017 local elections brought the ruling party another sweeping victory. Despite Georgian Dream’s overwhelming electoral successes, the country faces voter apathy. Alongside lack of parliamentary controls and a fragmentation of the party-political spectrum this does not bode well for consolidating democracy in the near future.

Photos

jQuery(document).ready(function(){jQuery("#isloaderfor-vrolty").fadeOut(2000, function () { jQuery(".pagwrap-vrolty").fadeIn(1000);});});

Miroslav Lajčák, President of the UN General Assembly, called upon leaders in the MENA region to join the body’s mission of “delivering for the people.”

Mr. Lajčák spoke on November 2, 2017, to an audience of representatives of government, civil society, media, academia, culture, diplomacy, youth, and the private sector at IPI-MENA in Manama.

Referring to issues of priority to the international community, Mr. Lajčák highlighted the importance of multilateralism to address key agenda items of the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly; conflict prevention, peacebuilding, migration, youth, water issues, and streamlining the body’s agenda in line with ongoing UN reform.

He urged the governments of Bahrain and the MENA region as well as civil society leaders to provide support to the UN on a range of security, peacebuilding and development issues, with the aim of “providing for the people” in line with, among others, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and women’s empowerment.

Mr. Lajčák concluded by stressing it would be the General Assembly’s priority to implement “credible concepts that can yield meaningful outcomes” for the people.

On his side, Abdulla Bin Ahmed Al Khalifa, Undersecretary of Bahrain’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Chairman of DERASAT, expressed his country’s adherence to the implementation of the SDGs and its support to the General Assembly’s efforts in that regard. He highlighted that his country has invested in “human capital,” which is the “most valuable asset.” He referred to the first Strategic Partnership Framework (SPF) signed recently with the UN Country Team as a vital example of the “Bahraini government’s support to development.”

He reiterated his country’s support to the General Assembly’s vision for development and peacebuilding in the Middle East, calling on “the international community to support governments, private sector, civil society and individuals who provide the necessary support for the youth to achieve the SDGs.”

Nejib Friji, Director of IPI-MENA, stressed the importance of the General Assembly as crucial “in the development of a global agenda on prevention” and referred to IPI’s milestone Independent Commission on Multilateralism (ICM) report that stressed the centrality of the General Assembly in the development of a “road map for the implementation of a UN peacebuilding architecture on all levels: international, regional, national, and local.”

The General Assembly is the highest body in the UN structure and holds substantial power. This power stems from the fact that it equally represents all the nations across the globe.

The event was held as part of IPI’s Global Leaders Series.

Nejib Friji, Director of IPI-MENA, moderated the conversation.

United Nations Peace Operations Reform Scorecard 2017 (Click for full graphic)

Timeline of Review Processes and Outcomes (Click for full graphic)

UN peace operations are confronting crises from all sides: they face ever more complex operating environments in the field, while in New York they face divisions among member states over the very nature of peace operations, a “peacekeeping fatigue” aggravated by scandals, and cuts to the peacekeeping budget. These are some of the reasons why, two years after the release of the report of the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO), progress on peace operations reform has been slow.

In this challenging context, this report asks whether the reform agenda put forward by Secretary-General Guterres would—or would not—help realize the four strategic shifts called for by HIPPO—recognizing the primacy of politics, viewing peace operations as a continuum, strengthening partnerships, and focusing on the field and on people—and under what circumstances. It also provides preliminary analysis of the five streams of reform presented to date: (1) the renewed focus on prevention and sustaining peace; (2) the creation of a new UN Office of Counter-Terrorism; (3) the reform of the UN development system; (4) the restructuring of the peace and security architecture; and (5) organization-wide management reform.

It concludes that the challenge for the secretary-general will be to translate these parallel tracks of reform into a concrete and coherent approach that will be true to his overarching vision for the organization and have a real impact in headquarters and, most importantly, in the field. While the temptation inevitably will be to focus on short-term structural reorganization, change will also need to come from improvements in working culture, methods, and processes over time.

Download

On Wednesday, November 8th, IPI is hosting a Distinguished Author Series event featuring Edward Luce, author of “The Retreat of Western Liberalism.” The conversation will be moderated by IPI Senior Adviser for External Relations, Warren Hoge.

Remarks will begin at 6:20pm EST*

In “The Retreat of Western Liberalism,” Edward Luce provides a detailed projection of the consequences of the Trump administration’s actions and attitudes and the rise of populism and nationalism in Europe. He also examines what those who believe in enlightenment values must do to defend against the multiple onslaughts they face. With resources scarce and the future insecure, the West should question whether people will continue to uphold democracy simply as a matter of principle. Luce believes that we are in a menacing trajectory brought about by ignorance of what it took to build the West, arrogance toward society’s economic losers, and complacency about our system’s durability. The West’s crisis, he writes, is “real, structural, and likely to persist,” but, he adds, “Nothing is inevitable. Some of what ails the West is within our power to fix.”

*If you are not logged into Facebook, times are shown in PST.

On Monday, November 6th, IPI together with the Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations are cohosting an evening policy forum event to discuss IPI’s recent publication, “Peace by Pieces? Local Mediation Initiatives and Sustainable Peace in the Central African Republic,” by Marie-Joëlle Zahar and Delphine Mechoulan.

Remarks will begin at 6:30pm EST*

The report “Peace by Pieces? Local Mediation Initiatives and Sustainable Peace in the Central African Republic” focuses on local mediation efforts in CAR. What do these mediation efforts entail? Who is involved? To what extent do these efforts contribute to conflict resolution and sustainable peace? What is the relation between local efforts and regional and international efforts?

By describing and studying many local mediation efforts, their stakeholders, their outcomes, and their impact, Ms. Zahar and Ms. Mechoulan highlight the potential and limits of these initiatives, focusing in particular on the role of the United Nations in supporting local mediation in CAR. Ahead of the renewal of the mandate of the UN mission in CAR (MINUSCA) on November 15th, this policy forum will focus on furthering the understanding of mediation efforts in CAR and will offer recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders involved in building sustainable peace in the country.

Opening Remarks:
Kai Sauer, Permanent Representative of Finland to the United Nations, TBC
Marcien Aubin Kpatamango, Deputy Permanent Representative of the Central African Republic to the United Nations

Speakers:
Marie-Joëlle Zahar, Senior Fellow, IPI
Delphine Mechoulan, Policy Analyst, IPI
Asif Khan, Chief of Mediation Support Unit, United Nations Department of Political Affairs

Moderator:
Arthur Boutellis, Director for Peace Operations, IPI

*If you are not logged into Facebook, times are shown in PST.

On Tuesday, November 7th, IPI together with the Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations, and the International Network of Historians without Borders, are cohosting a Global Leader Series lunchtime discussion with H.E. Mr. Erkki Tuomioja, former Minister for Foreign Affairs of Finland.

Remarks will begin at 1:15pm*

Leveraging historical knowledge is pivotal for countries seeking to implement policies aimed at promoting peaceful and inclusive societies. Indeed, discussing historical narratives can be a useful tool for identifying lessons learned and, more importantly, to recognize elements of peace and resilience within societies. At this event, Mr. Tuomioja will discuss the importance of history and the use of historical knowledge in sustaining peace.

Founded in May 2016, the International Network of Historians without Borders (HWB) brings together historians from across national frontiers to bridge the gap between academia, civil society, and policy making. Through public and expert discussions, participating in general debate, and carrying out research, HWB aims to deepen general knowledge and understanding of history, promote open and free access to historical material, and stimulate interactive dialogue between various perspectives to promote peace.

Mr. Tuomioja was first elected to the Finnish Parliament as a student and peace activist for the Social Democratic Party in 1970. He has been a member of parliament for over 35 years and is the longest serving Minister for Foreign Affairs in Finnish history (2000-2007 and 2011-2015). He has also served as Minister of Trade and Industry, Chair of the Parliament Grand (European Affairs) Committee, and Deputy Mayor of Helsinki. Mr. Tuomioja is the founder and President of the International Network of Historians without Borders.

*If you are not logged into Facebook, times are shown in PST.

74 % des Français sont favorables à l'ouverture de l’assurance chômage aux salariés démissionnaires sous conditions Institut Montaigne jeu 02/11/2017 - 17:58

Tous les mois, ELABE interroge les Français pour Les Echos, l'Institut Montaigne et Radio Classique sur un sujet d'actualité économique ou de société.

Doute démocratique : comparaison de deux études sur la perception de la démocratie dans le monde Institut Montaigne jeu 02/11/2017 - 16:02

En démocratie au XXIème siècle, le doute est roi. Le Pew Research Center signale "une anxiété profonde quant à l’avenir de la démocratie".

How is democracy perceived today? Two reports stress citizens’ doubts Institut Montaigne jeu 02/11/2017 - 16:00

Something is happening to democracy worldwide. The Washington-based fact tank Pew Research Center calls it ‘a deepening anxiety about [its] future’.