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Devant plusieurs responsables LR, mardi à Paris, l'ex-président a avancé les mesures à mettre en place si la droite gagne en 2017. Avec un message principal: assurer enfin «l'exécution des peines, qui doit être la priorité des pouvoirs publics».

DÉCRYPTAGE - Une proposition de loi du député LR Alain Marleix suggère de prendre en compte non plus la population totale d'une circonscription, mais le nombre de ses électeurs, autrement dit des seuls citoyens français.

Date: Mercredi 04 Novembre 2015Description: Angèle Malâtre-Lansac sera l’invitée du 14-17 sur LCI pour réagir aux propositions de Myriam El Khomri.

На крајот на летото Македонија прогласи вонредна состојба и привремено ги затвори своите граници со Грција и Србија. Малата балканска нација се придружи на поголемиот дел од Европа во паничниот, слабо разгледан и лошо имплементиран одговор на трагедијата со азилантите. Македонија е ситен играч во таа криза, која што достигнува димензии на Voelkerwanderung – масовно движење на лица со размери невидени на континентот после падот на Римската Империја. Но, како што летото преминува во есен, Македонија мора брзо и конструктивно да ѝ пристапи на нејзината домашна криза или да ризикува насилни судири.

Elles pourraient être baptisées Vigie, Epaulard et Poséidon.

After a string of bad-tempered, late-night summits, leaders from across the EU agreed an ambitious programme of policies to try to solve the refugee crisis.

There has been one – pretty major – hitch: member states have so far been reluctant or unable to do what they said they would. Now, in a bid to get national capitals to hurry up, Operation Guilt Trip is go.

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EU-Wirtschafts-und Währungskommissar Pierre Moscovici hält sich zu einem zweitägigen Besuch in Athen auf. Er trifft dort mit Ministerpräsident…

Le secrétaire d’Etat à la Mer et aux Transports a détaillé ce mardi les mesures mises en œuvre par le gouvernement en matière d’économie maritime.

• Lire la suite de Croissance Bleue : Alain Vidalies rappelle les engagements gouvernementaux

En voyage en Asie pour préparer le terrain en vue de la conférence sur le climat à Paris, le chef de l'État n'oublie pas la politique française.

Myanmar will go to the polls on Nov. 8 in what will be a landmark election. The main opposition National League for Democracy party will be contesting nationally for the first time in a generation. And if all goes as expected, next year Myanmar will see its first democratic transfer of power since 1960.

The literature on European environmental policy has rapidly expanded over the last ten years. Between 2010 and 2015, there were over seven hundred articles about the European Union and environmental policy, compared to only two hundred and fifty articles between 2000 and 2005.[1] Ironically, given its focus, much of this literature is written outside of the major European studies journals.[2]  However, it is important to study the topics and approaches that environmental policy scholars use when publishing in European studies journals because of the key role these journals play in the field.[3] Therefore, in this post I explore environmental policy articles in two of these journals: the Journal of European Public Policy (JEPP) and the Journal of Common Market Studies (JCMS).[4] JEPP and JCMS were chosen because they “play an integrating function by holding the various subfields of EU studies together”.[5]

To keep the analysis manageable, I examined environmental policy articles in JEPP and JCMS that were published between January 2010 and October 2015. I searched article titles and keywords for environmental topics, which led to a total of thirty-six articles in both journals (eleven in JCMS and twenty five in JEPP). This amounts to approximately 4% of the articles published in these two journals during this time.[6] I then categorized the articles along two dimensions: the environmental issue studied (“climate change” or “other environmental issues”[7]) and whether the article dealt with internal EU/European policy or the EU’s external policy in international negotiations.

The results of this analysis are shown below (the full list of articles is available here). Eleven articles focus on EU/European internal climate change policy (including the EU Emissions Trading System and the Biofuels Directive). Nine focus on the EU’s role in international climate negotiations, six on external EU environmental policy more generally , and ten on internal non-climate policy.

Environmental policy articles in JEPP and JCMS (2010-2015), categorized according to environmental issue and internal/external focus

What this matrix does not show is the relationship between these thirty-six articles. Here I focus on one aspect: the references that the articles cite in common. The articles being studied here cited a total of 1,702 references. Of these, 127 (~7%) were cited by more than one article.[8] I used this data to analyze when two articles cited the same source, and created a network visualization from the results.

JEPP/JCMS environmental policy articles, connected by the number of shared references

I followed this with a “network density” analysis, which looks at the percentage of articles that are connected to each other. The highest possible network density is 100%, if every article shared at least one reference with every other article. A network density of 0%, on the other hand, would mean that none of the articles shared any references in common.

The overall density of the thirty-six article network is 25%. When the analysis focuses only on climate change articles, the density is slightly higher (28%), while environmental and internal policy articles are lower than average (19% and 23% respectively). The real outlier is the external policy category, which has a much higher density, at 51% (see figure below).

JEPP/JCMS article categories, percentage of articles in each category which share at least one reference

The higher density of the external policy articles can also be shown by visualizing the network again and color coding the articles according to the internal/external dimension:

JEPP/JCMS environmental policy articles, connected by the number of shared references. Categorized into internal policy (blue) and external policy (red)

What explains the difference? One important factor seems to be that there are more central, influential references in the external policy category. For example, the internal EU policy category has eighteen sources tied for top citations, all with three articles citing each. In contrast, scholars working on external policy are more likely to cite the same articles. Especially influential is Ian Manners’ 2002 article on the EU’s international position as a “normative power” in international negotiations.[9]

Concluding thoughts

The articles I have analyzed make up a small percentage of those on European environmental policy, and an equally small percentage of the articles published in JEPP and JCMS. Therefore it isn’t clear whether the patterns identified here are representative of the entire literature on European environmental policy, or are only a feature of JEPP and JCMS articles.

Regardless, a few key points should be highlighted. This group of articles has a strong focus on climate change and the EU’s role as a negotiator in international institutions. What drives the focus on these topics? It could be a product of scholars’ interest, or alternatively due to choices made by the journals’ editors to accept certain types of research.

The network analysis suggests that the scholars publishing articles on the EU external environmental policy are more likely to cite from similar sources than scholars working on EU internal policy. There are a number of possibilities to explain this. One is that as a more recent field of inquiry, external policy-focused scholars are more likely to cite more references in common.

Finally, focusing on the big picture, this analysis has made me realize the sheer extent and variety of the literature on European environmental policy. As the field grows, this suggests that scholars working on these issues could reflect once again on this diversity and work to find connections between their work.

 

[1] Based on a search carried out in the Scopus database for documents with “environmental policy” and “European Union” in the title, abstract, or keywords, carried out on October 29, 2015 for the 2010-2015 time period (742 results), and on October 31 for the 2000-2005 time period (251 results).

[2] The top five journals were Energy Policy, Science of the Total Environment, Climate Policy, Land Use Policy, and Environmental Policy and Governance.

[3] Jensen, M.D., Kristensen, P.M., 2013. The elephant in the room: mapping the latent communication pattern in European Union studies. Journal of European Public Policy.

[4] Other European studies journals include European Union Politics, West European Politics, the Journal of European Integration, and the Journal of Contemporary European Studies.

[5] Jensen, M.D., Kristensen, P.M., 2013. The elephant in the room: mapping the latent communication pattern in European Union studies. Journal of European Public Policy, pg. 1. doi:10.1080/13501763.2012.699656

[6] 36 environmental policy articles out of a total of 940 articles (as of October 29, 2015).

[7] “Other environmental issues” included articles that focused on a non-climate topic (such as fisheries management) as well as those that looked at a broad range of issues (including climate change).

[8] This figure is an estimate based on the references available on Scopus. It should be considered an underestimate, due to the fact that some types of documents (e.g., European Commission communications) are relatively likely to be counted as distinct sources by the database.

[9] Manners, I., 2002. Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms? JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 40, 235–258. doi:10.1111/1468-5965.00353

 

The post Mapping five years of environmental policy research in European studies appeared first on Ideas on Europe.

Idriss J. Aberkane présente sa note : La noopolitique : le pouvoir de la connaissance.

Cet article Idriss J. Aberkane présente sa note : La noopolitique : le pouvoir de la connaissance est apparu en premier sur Fondapol.

A média a társadalom tükre: ha szabad és kritikus, szabadon és biztonságban élhetünk.

Mégis ma, az újságírókkal szembeni bűncselekmények büntetlensége elleni küzdelem nemzetközi napján számos országban egyre nagyobb mértékű megfélemlítéssel és erőszakkal szembesülnek a tudósítók.

Az újságírókkal szembeni támadások nemcsak az áldozatok ellen irányulnak, hanem a véleménynyilvánítás és a tömegtájékoztatás szabadsága ellen is. Az Unió felszólítja az állami hatóságokat, hogy maradéktalanul tegyenek eleget az arra vonatkozó nemzetközi kötelezettségeiknek, hogy e bűncselekményeket eredményesen, gyorsan és függetlenül eljárva kivizsgálják, valamint biztosítsák, hogy az ilyen erőszakos cselekményeket elkövető vagy arra felbujtó – akár állami, akár nem állami – személyeket bíróság elé állítsák.

Die Europäische Union und Neuseeland sind langjährige und enge Partner. Wir teilen die gleichen Grundwerte, verfolgen gemeinsame Interessen und pflegen wachsende Handels- und Wirtschaftsbeziehungen zum beiderseitigen Vorteil, die durch intensive persönliche und kulturelle Bindungen untermauert werden.

Heute sind wir zusammengekommen, um uns auf eine Vertiefung unserer Beziehungen in den Bereichen Politik, Sicherheit, Handel und Investitionen zu verständigen.

Wir begrüßen den erfolgreichen Abschluss der Verhandlungen über das Partnerschaftsabkommen über die Beziehungen und die Zusammenarbeit. Dieses Abkommen spiegelt den umfassenden Charakter unserer Beziehungen wider und bildet ein solides Fundament für ihren weiteren Ausbau in den kommenden Jahrzehnten. Beide Seiten haben sich verpflichtet, das Abkommen vollständig und rasch umzusetzen.

Wir haben uns heute verpflichtet, das Verfahren zur Aufnahme von Verhandlungen über den zeitnahen Abschluss eines vertieften und umfassenden Freihandelsabkommens in Gang zu setzen. Die Gespräche über den Umfang und den allgemeinen Ansatz der Verhandlungen sollten so schnell wie möglich beginnen. Gleichzeitig haben wir vereinbart, um das erforderliche Verhandlungsmandat zu ersuchen, sobald der Rahmen für die Verhandlungen abgesteckt wurde. Wir sind überzeugt, dass ein Freihandelsabkommen nachhaltiges Wachstum und Investitionen fördern, neue Handels- und Geschäftsmöglichkeiten eröffnen und neue Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten für unsere Bevölkerungen schaffen wird.

Wir begrüßen die Fortschritte in den Bereichen Zoll und Tiergesundheit und haben beschlossen, weiter auf eine Verbesserung der Zusammenarbeit in Regulierungs- und anderen praktischen Belangen hinzuarbeiten.

Um einen Beitrag zu mehr Frieden und Wohlstand, auch im Pazifikraum und in Europa, zu leisten, werden wir unseren verstärkten Dialog zu Fragen der Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik, beispielsweise zur Situation in der Ukraine, intensivieren.

Wir haben über unsere Antwort auf die globale Migrations- und Flüchtlingskrise gesprochen. Wir haben unsere Unterstützung für eine politische Lösung des Syrienkonflikts bekräftigt. Wir werden uns weiterhin um eine Ausweitung unserer diesbezüglichen Anstrengungen bemühen und gemeinsam unsere Nachbarländer unterstützen, insbesondere auch über den Hohen Flüchtlingskommissar der Vereinten Nationen (UNHCR), das Welternährungsprogramm und andere Anlaufstellen.

Wir haben unsere Entschlossenheit bekräftigt, auf der COP21 in Paris zu einem international verbindlichen Klimaschutzübereinkommen zu gelangen, das ambitioniert, wirksam, nachhaltig, fair, transparent und dynamisch ist. Wir haben uns für Fortschritte bei der schrittweisen Abschaffung umweltschädlicher Subventionen, wie etwa für fossile Brennstoffe, ausgesprochen. Auch haben wir die Bedeutung unserer Partnerschaft für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung und Armutsbekämpfung, insbesondere unserer bestehenden Zusammenarbeit im Pazifikraum, bekräftigt. Des Weiteren haben wir erneut unsere Entschlossenheit bekundet, die Zusammenarbeit auf dem Gebiet der Wissenschaft, Forschung und Innovation zu verstärken.

Neuseeland hat das wachsende Engagement der EU im ASEAN-Raum gewürdigt und begrüßt den Wunsch der EU, am Ostasiengipfel teilzunehmen. Die EU und Neuseeland sehen dem nächsten Treffen der ASEM-Außenminister (November 2015) und dem ASEM-Gipfel (Juli 2016) mit Interesse entgegen.

Unser heutiger Gedankenaustausch hat deutlich gemacht, wie tief und weitreichend unsere Partnerschaft ist und wie groß unsere Ambitionen sind, die EU und Neuseeland einander noch näher zu bringen. Diese Vision unserer künftigen Beziehungen wird die Bande zwischen unseren Völkern stärken und Chancen für mehr Wachstum, eine nachhaltige Entwicklung und die Gewährleistung größerer Sicherheit schaffen.

General : On Wednesday and Thursday European Parliament President Martin Schulz will travel to Athens and Lesbos to discuss the migration crisis and will be present for the departure of the first relocated refugees from Greece.

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

General : On Wednesday and Thursday European Parliament President Martin Schulz will travel to Athens and Lesbos to discuss the migration crisis and will be present for the departure of the first relocated refugees from Greece.

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

General : On Wednesday and Thursday European Parliament President Martin Schulz will travel to Athens and Lesbos to discuss the migration crisis and will be present for the departure of the first relocated refugees from Greece.

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

General : On Wednesday and Thursday European Parliament President Martin Schulz will travel to Athens and Lesbos to discuss the migration crisis and will be present for the departure of the first relocated refugees from Greece.

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

General : On Wednesday and Thursday European Parliament President Martin Schulz will travel to Athens and Lesbos to discuss the migration crisis and will be present for the departure of the first relocated refugees from Greece.

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP