European Union

Ukranians face rolling blackouts in the depths of a bitter winter

Written by Naja Bentzen.

European Commission proposal

On 12 November 2025, the Commission and the High Representative published a joint communication on the ‘European Democratic Shield: Empowering Strong and Resilient Democracies’ (EDS), in line with the July 2024 political guidelines. The EDS aims to protect democracy against increasingly complex threats, including ‘interference and distortions in the information space’ as well as hybrid threats, aimed at impacting elections and eroding trust in democratic processes.

In parallel and linked to the EDS, the Commission also launched a strategy for civil society. Actions, to be rolled out by 2027, fall under four key pillars:

1. a new European Centre for Democratic Resilience;
2. safeguarding the integrity of the information space;
3. strengthening our institutions, fair and free elections, and free and independent media;
4. boosting societal resilience and citizens’ engagement.

The EDS further builds on the EU’s whole-of-society approach, including its evolving regulatory framework to threats against democracy. A key dimension is digital regulation, including the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Artificial Intelligence Act. The 2023 defence of democracy package, the regulation on transparency and targeting of political advertising (TTPA), the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) and the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) are other core pieces of legislation. The framework for restrictive measures in view of Russia’s destabilising actions was broadened in May 2025 to enable the suspension of Kremlin-controlled broadcasters. Other steps include the EU’s hybrid toolbox and FIMI toolbox. In May 2025, the Commission announced €5 million in funding for a European network of fact-checkers, expanding work by the European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO) and the European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN). As part of the new multiannual financial framework (MFF), the Commission proposes a number of programmes to support the EDS. AgoraEU aims to promote shared values, including democracy, and support the European audiovisual and creative sectors, media freedom and civil society. Other programmes include Horizon Europe, Erasmus+ and the Global Europe Instrument, and possibly defence spending.

A new European Centre for Democratic Resilience

The proposed European Centre for Democratic Resilience is the most visible innovation in the EDS. The Centre would bring together expertise and capacities across Member States, EU candidate countries and potential candidates, and EU institutions, bodies, offices and agencies, including the European External Action Service (EEAS). The Centre would be developed progressively, based on Member States’ voluntary participation, and their input and needs for support and cooperation. In coordination with the EEAS-led Rapid Alert System, the Centre will link existing networks and structures. It will host a stakeholder platform for dialogue with civil society, researchers and academia, media providers, and a new European network of fact-checkers. The Centre would support operational cooperation to counter common threats, particularly FIMI and disinformation, and aim to increase situational awareness and the capacity to detect and anticipate threats, develop a strong early warning system and support rapid response capacity.

Safeguarding the integrity of the information space

Proposed actions to support information integrity complement the existing measures listed above, with implementation and enforcement of the digital legislation as key priorities. Together with the European Board for Digital Services, the Commission will prepare a DSA incidents and crisis protocol in response to large-scale, transnational information operations. The Commission will work with signatories of the Code of Conduct on Disinformation to increase transparency of recommender systems, demonetise disinformation, and explore further measures, including improving the detection and labelling of AI-generated and manipulated content circulating on social media services. Based on the FIMI Toolbox, a Blueprint for countering FIMI and Disinformation will be prepared. The independent European network of fact-checkers will help counter online manipulation, and EDMO’s extended mandate will support situational awareness around elections or crises. A common research support framework will enhance monitoring of information manipulation and disinformation. Moreover, the European Board for Media Services will develop common criteria for media regulators to act against rogue non-EU media operators presenting risks to public security.

Stronger democratic institutions, free and fair elections and free and independent media

In the face of internal and external challenges and attacks on European democracies and electoral processes, a series of proposed measures include stronger cooperation with Member States under the European Cooperation Network on Elections (ECNE) to enhance electoral integrity; guidance on the use of AI in electoral processes; updating of the Digital Services Act Elections Toolkit; and setting up a voluntary EU network of influencers. A proposed new pan-European platform is to make real- time news and information from professional media outlets available to wider audiences in multiple languages. Actions to support and revitalise free, plural and independent media and journalism include reviewing the AVMSD; increasing transparency of online advertising; assessing the fitness of State aid rules for public service broadcasting in the evaluation of the 2009 broadcasting communication; reinforcing measures for the safety of journalists and combating abusive litigation (SLAPPs); and supporting quality independent media and journalism beyond EU borders. Moreover, the Commission will support common work with the Member States on the transparency and integrity of funding in politics, looking at issues of common interest such as anonymous donations and cryptocurrency.

Boosting societal resilience and citizens’ engagement

Actions to empower citizens and boost societal resilience include the 2026 basic skills support scheme for schools, including citizenship and digital skills; and a media resilience programme for all age groups across rural and urban areas. In addition, the communication envisages an EU democracy guide for citizens, to promote citizens’ awareness of their democratic rights, and a European Citizens’ Panel on democratic resilience. Other whole-of-society actions include a high-level event on democracy and an annual award for democratic innovation, and support for voluntary commitments by the private sector to build a business coalition for democracy. To safeguard evidence-based decision-making, the Commission will issue a recommendation on supporting scientific evidence and its use in public policymaking; enshrine the freedom of scientific research in EU law under the European Research Area Act; and assess options for setting up a European Centre of Expertise on Research Security. In addition, the Commission will explore future pathways for the EU’s tech environment, with an initial focus on future social networking/social media platforms, supporting EU digital sovereignty.

Role of the European Parliament

Over the past two legislatures, Parliament has used a mix of tools – non-legislative resolutions, hearings, and its budgetary power – to address challenges to democracies, including from information manipulation and interference. On 18 December 2024, Parliament voted to set up a special committee on the European Democracy Shield (EUDS), which was constituted on 3 February 2025. EUDS further builds on work by two previous special committees on foreign interference (INGE and ING2). In resolutions adopted in March 2022 and June 2023 respectively, Members called for the creation of a European centre for information integrity to facilitate exchange between Member States and EU institutions and agencies. This idea was further developed in the April 2025 EUDS working document. The EUDS is set to propose further solutions to protect democracy in a forthcoming own-initiative report.

Read this ‘At a Glance note’ on ‘The European Democracy Shield: An overview‘ in the Think Tank pages of the European Parliament.

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Written by Clare Ferguson with Sara Raja.

The 28th regime is a proposed EU-level legal framework that would allow innovative companies to operate across the EU under a single set of rules. Companies would not have to deal with differing regulations across Member States, which would help boost the single market. On Monday, Parliament is set to debate a  legislative-initiative report on the 28th regime from the Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI). The report suggests national limited liability companies be able to register as ‘Societas Europaea Unificata’ (S.EU), which would be automatically recognised in all Member States. It recommends a harmonised EU legal framework for corporate law to align national rules across all Member States, while ensuring safeguards for national laws to avoid undermining labour and social laws. It proposes a common digital direct entry point allowing entrepreneurs to establish companies within 48 hours, and harmonised rules on employee financial participation schemes.

On Monday, Parliament is expected to debate a legislative-initiative report from the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL) proposing a new directive to protect workers who may become unemployed in the move towards a greener and more digital society. The report calls on the European Commission to create a comprehensive framework to ensure EU countries create jobs in regions where jobs are most likely to disappear. This framework should ensure the development of viable economic alternatives and attract the necessary investment. The report also calls to set certain workplace conditions, including the right to training during working hours, health and safety measures, the right to worker consultation and collective bargaining and stronger protections against unfair dismissal. It also calls for increased support for a just transition in the 2028-2034 multiannual financial framework (MFF). Lastly, the proposed directive would require Member States to develop national strategies and business support programmes for small and medium-sized businesses.

Critical medicine shortages and the EU’s growing reliance on external suppliers for critical ingredients pose a threat to EU public health. The proposed ‘critical medicines act’ aims to improve the availability and security of supply of critical medicines in the EU by decreasing dependency on single suppliers and non-EU countries, such as India and China, and improving pharmaceutical manufacturing in the EU. On Monday, Members are scheduled to debate a report from the Committee on Public Health (SANT) regarding the proposed regulation, and set Parliament’s position for trilogue negotiations. The report expands the definition of a ‘strategic project’ to improve EU manufacturing capacity and calls for the creation of a critical medicines security fund within the 2028-2034 MFF and an EU coordination mechanism for national stockpiles and contingency stocks of critical medicines.

Proposed reform of EU air passenger rights to address issues such as delays, cancellations, weak enforcement and unclear rules had been stalled in the Council for over a decade due to disagreements on compensation, extraordinary circumstances and enforcement. Members are now scheduled to consider the reform on Tuesday with a debate on the recommendation from the Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN) on second reading. The report rejects the Council’s position in favour of higher delay thresholds and reduced compensation, and supports distance-based compensation of €300-€600, a closed list of exemptions, and stronger passenger protections, such as free hand luggage, bans on unfair fees and longer claim deadlines.

On Tuesday, Members are scheduled to consider the 2025 annual implementation reports on common security and defence policy from the Committee on Security and Defence (SEDE) and on common foreign and security policy from the Committee on Foreign Affairs (AFET). Both reports identify Russia’s war against Ukraine as a primary threat to the EU and Member States, and call for stronger support for Ukraine to protect European security. They both acknowledge the importance of EU relations with the United States in securing peace in Ukraine, with the SEDE report noting the risks of isolationist US foreign policy and expressing concern at the US government’s threats against Greenland’s sovereignty. The AFET report highlights the current global geopolitical instability and accelerated erosion of democratic norms, stating that the EU’s credibility depends on its ability to act coherently and decisively. It calls for a gradual transition to qualified majority voting for common foreign and security policy decisions without military or defence implications, while encouraging greater use of constructive abstention.

On Tuesday, Members are set to consider a resolution on the AFET committee’s annual report on human rights and democracy in the world. The report aims at informing a post-2027 EU action plan for human rights and democracy, and reiterates Parliament’s call for a stronger plan based on a full review of the current framework, with clear benchmarks, indicators and timelines. It highlights growing threats to human rights and the international system, proposes improvements to EU tools such as human rights dialogues, support for human rights defenders, conditionality in EU trade and international agreements and human rights sanctions. It also stresses the need for earmarked funding for human rights and democracy support in the next MFF, notably through the proposed Global Europe instrument.

The EU is facing a rising drone threat linked to Russian provocations and is boosting drone and counter-drone capabilities. On Thursday, Parliament is scheduled to debate an own-initiative report from the Committee on Security and Defence (SEDE) setting out a comprehensive strategy to prepare the EU for drone-enabled conflict, calling for the rapid integration of drone and counter-drone capabilities across EU defence planning and stronger protection of civilian infrastructure. It stresses the need to build a robust, autonomous European drone industry, reduce reliance on non-EU suppliers and shift from a primarily regulatory approach to a security model focused on operational capabilities and strategic autonomy.

Quick links to all our publications for this plenary session:

• Outcome of the European Council of 17-18 December 2015: Post-European Council Briefing
• The Parliament of Cyprus and EU affairs
• Priority dossiers under the Cyprus EU Council Presidency
• 40th anniversary of Spain’s EU accession
• 40th anniversary of Portugal’s EU accession
• The 28th regime: A new legal framework for innovative companies
• Just transition directive in the world of work: Creating jobs and revitalising local economies
• Proposal for a critical medicines act: Addressing shortages, building a more resilient supply chain
• Air passenger rights
• Implementation of the common security and defence policy – Annual report 2025
• Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – Annual report 2025
• Human rights and democracy in the world: Annual report 2025
• Drones and new systems of warfare: Adapting the EU to today’s security challenges

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On Monday 19 January, MEPs and Commissioners will discuss proposals for grouping together different EU funds in the next multiannual budget.
Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development
Committee on Budgets
Committee on Regional Development

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

On Monday 19 January, MEPs and Commissioners will discuss proposals for grouping together different EU funds in the next multiannual budget.
Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development
Committee on Budgets
Committee on Regional Development

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

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Spokespersons for Parliament and for the political groups will hold a briefing on the 19 - 22 January plenary session, on Friday at 11.00 in Parliament’s Anna Politkovskaya press room.

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

Spokespersons for Parliament and for the political groups will hold a briefing on the 19 - 22 January plenary session, on Friday at 11.00 in Parliament’s Anna Politkovskaya press room.

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

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