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A zentai példa nyomán Adán a hétvégén első alkalommal rendeztek bababörzét a helyi általános iskola tornatermében, ahol 35 helybeli és vidéki árus igyekezett jutányos áron eladni a kinőtt, de jó állapotban lévő gyermekruházatot és lábbeliket, valamint kiszolgált babakocsikat és megunt gyerekjátékokat az ugyancsak helyi és vidéki vásárlóknak. A rendezvényt Báthory Judit, Anđelković Tamara és Pintér Éva szervezte meg az adai általános iskola támogatásával, amely a helyszínt biztosította.

– A legutóbbi két alkalommal részt vettünk Zentán a bababörzén, és ott született az ötlet, hogy Adán is megszervezhetnénk a rendezvényt. Az ötletadó Szalai Teodóra volt, a zentai bababörze szervezője, akinek ezúton is köszönjük a segítséget – mesélte Báthory Judit. – A rendezvényt azért szerveztük meg, hogy az árusok és a vevők is jól járjanak. Az árusok azért, hogy minél kisebb legyen otthon a rendetlenség a tavaszi nagytakarítás során, minél kevesebb zacskót kelljen ide-oda pakolászni, és persze a nyaralásra is össze lehet gyűjteni némi zsebpénzt. A vevők pedig azért, hogy minél olcsóbban jussanak hozzá a jobb minőségű ruhákhoz. A bababörzén most főleg a nyári idényre pólókat, rövidnadrágokat, szandálokat, kisruhákat, fürdőruhákat lehet vásárolni, de vannak nagyobb tárgyak is, babakocsik, kishinták és játékok. Mindezt a bolti ár negyedéért, feléért megvásárolhatják a vásárlók. Minden kezdet nehéz, de szervezőként elégedett vagyok a bababörzével. Én nem számítottam ennyi árusra. Először úgy terveztük, hogy az iskola ebédlőjében pakoljuk ki a holmikat, de a nagy érdeklődés miatt szükségesnek bizonyult a tornateremben megtartani, miután 35 árus jelentkezett be, és a vevők is nagy számban érdeklődtek. Az árusok Magyarkanizsáról, Zentáról, Törökfaluból, Moholról, Péterrévéről és Adáról jöttek. A bababörzén vannak olyanok, akik vevők és árusok is egy személyben. A bababörzét szeretnénk megszervezni minden évszak elején a nagytakarítások alkalmával. A következő bababörze Adán augusztus végén, szeptember elején várható, és ugyanitt szeretnénk megtartani – közölte a szervező.

Az adai bababörzét ez alkalommal a jótékonykodásra is felhasználta a Segítő Kéz, Vajdaság – jótékony emberek és adományozók csoportja, amely 5000 tagot számláló Facebook-csoport és összefogás egyben szinte a tartomány egész területéről. Az összefogás egyik adai tagja, Rica Zita elmondta, hogy adományokból tartják fenn a csoportot és segítenek a rászorulóknak. Ezért fordult hozzájuk segítségért a helybeli Stepić Jolán, aki anyagi támogatást kért a férje gyógykezeltetésére, aki súlyos beteg és munkaképtelen, az asszony pedig már hat hónapja nem kapott fizetést.

– Arra gondoltam, indítok egy olyan jótékonysági akciót, hogy akik támogatni szeretnék a családot, azok a pénzadományaikkal segíthetnek. Önként vállaltam, hogy kijövök a börzére árulni. Minden bevételt, amely az eladott ruhákból származik, átadunk a családnak, ennyivel tudunk nekik segíteni. A ruházatot helybeliek és vidékiek adták össze, Szabadkától Moholig mindenki megmozdult, rengeteg adomány összejött, játékok és ruhák, nagyon sok mindent kaptunk. Sokan támogatják és segítik a családot – közölte Rica Zita.

L'ancien Premier ministre a demandé que Manuel Valls rembourse son billet d'avion pour Berlin, estimant qu'il s'agissait là d'un "déplacement privé".

“If until now there has been no progress in the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the closure of the office will not bring any major changes”

Plenary sessions : Fifa, the world's governing body for football, is being investigated over corruption allegations. MEPs will discuss the accusations during a plenary debate on Wednesday evening, followed by a debate on the upcoming European Games in Baku in the light of host country's Azerbaijan's patchy human rights record. Watch the debates live on our website.

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

Zombori liga

A 29. forduló: Stanišić–Sloga 1:4, Törekvés–Graničar (R) 3:0, Dunav–Omladinac (B) 5:3, Mladost–Rusin 3:5, Hajduk–Kula 2:3, Kordun–Polet (K) 2:1, Lipar–Graničar (G) 4:1, BSK–Omladinac (D) 2:3.

1. Sloga           29        23        3          3          77:22   72

2. Omladinac (B)       29        17        4          8          69:47   55

3. Polet (K)     29        15        3          11        62:31   48

4. Törekvés    29        13        9          7          49:33   48

5. Lipar          29        12        7          10        48:50   43

6. Rusin          29        13        3          13        55:57   42

7. Mladost      29        11        6          12        57:48   39

8. Hajduk       29        11        6          12        56:59   39

9. Kordun      29        11        6          12        51:56   39

10. BSK          29        12        2          15        46:63   38

11. Stanišić     29        11        3          15        49:56   36

12. Graničar (G)        29        9          9          11        48:61   36

13. Dunav       29        11        3          15        42:61   36

14. Omladinac (D)     29        9          8          12        37:44   35

15. Kula (–2)  29        10        5          14        43:48   33

16. Graničar (R)        29        4          3          22        31:84   15

A következő forduló: Sloga–BSK, Omladinac (D)–Lipar, Graničar (G)–Kordun, Polet (K)–Hajduk, Kula–Mladost, Rusin–Dunav, Omladinac (B)–Törekvés, Graničar (R)–Stanišić.

Újvidéki körzeti liga

A 30., utolsó forduló: Maglić–Vojvodina 3:2, Mladost–Krila Krajine 2:0, Sutjeska–Titel 6:5, Hajduk–Kulpin 8:0, Proleter–Obilić 4:1, Mladost Radost–Becse 1918 1:7, Budućnost–Tvrđava 2:5, Stari Grad–Borac 2:1.

1. Becse 1918  30        23        2          5          102:26 71

2. Borac          30        18        1          11        76:37   55

3. Mladost Radost     30        15        6          9          64:48   51

4. Hajduk       30        14        7          9          57:43   49

5. Titel            30        14        4          12        54:42   46

6. Mladost      30        12        10        8          46:36   46

7. Tvrđava     30        11        9          10        45:46   42

8. Budućnost  30        12        6          12        54:56   42

9. Vojvodina  30        12        5          13        46:37   41

10. Proleter    30        11        7          12        47:57   40

11. Sutjeska    30        11        4          15        51:59   37

12. Kulpin      30        11        2          17        49:84   35

13. Krila Krajine       30        9          7          14        38:46   34

14. Stari Grad            30        9          6          15        25:47   33

15. Maglić (–1)           30        10        3          17        38:85   32

16. Obilić (–1) 30        4          9          17        21:64   20

Verbász–Titel–Zsablya községközi liga

Torzsa (Savino Selo): Budućnost–Jedinstvo (Péterréve) 3:1 (1:0)

Budućnost-pálya, 30 néző, vezette: Mrđenović (Verbász). Góllövők: Cimbaljević Rade a 6., Papp a 48., Cimbaljević Đorđe a 79., illetve Jakšić a 78. percben.

Budućnost: Barcal, Ćorović, Papp, Balango, Obradović, Šomić, Pelević, Efendić, Cimbaljević R., Cimbaljević Đ., Vezmar (Šoškić).

Jedinstvo: Stefanović, Lukács, Jakšić, Husanović, Brankov, Stanojev Aleksandar, Dražić, Tombžić, Živić, Stanojev Daniel, Jovičić.

A bajnokság utolsó mérkőzésére csak 11 piros-fehér játékos utazott el a táblázaton ötödik helyen álló Budućnost elleni mérkőzésre. Az első félidőben a hazaiak már a 6. percben kihasználtak egy védelmi hibát, s a második félidő elején, a 48. percben már el is dőlt a mérkőzés. A vendégek a 78. percben Jakšić rúgása után szépítettek, de a 79. percben a verbászi Mrđenović játékvezető a tizenegyespontra mutatott, így született meg a hazaiak 3:1-es győzelme. A péterréveiek két hónap szabadságot kaptak, de várható, hogy edzőcsere történik, és erősít a csapat.  Zs. J.

A 22., utolsó forduló: Bácska–Miletić 6:2, Budućnost–Jedinstvo (P) 3:1, Jedinstvo (G)–Vojvodina 2:0, Mladost–Napredak 1:2, az Obilić–Iskra és Sloga–Hajduk mérkőzésekről nem kaptunk jelentést.

1. Miletić         22        19        2          1          64:18   59

2. Jedinstvo (G)         22        19        1          2          70:8     58

3. Bačka         22        17        1          4          65:24   52

4. Iskra           21        13        2          6          65:30   41

5. Budućnost  22        12        2          8          47:32   38

6. Napredak   22        8          4          10        30:28   28

7. Jedinstvo (BPS)     22        8          3          11        36:46   27

8. Vojvodina  22        5          6          11        31:42   21

9. Hajduk       21        5          3          13        26:56   18

10. Mladost    22        5          2          15        31:58   17

11. Obilić        21        4          2          15        18:61   14

12. Sloga         21        0          2          19        8:88     2

A Segodnia.ru oldal olyan dokumentumot publikált, amelyből kiderül, hogy az Egyesült Államok 52 hangtompítót és 15 javító készletet szállít Barrett M107 nagy kaliberű mesterlövészpuskákhoz Ukrajnának – írja a Vesztyi. Az Egyesült Államok Külügyminisztériuma három feltétellel hagyta jóvá a szállításokat. Fel kell jegyezni a szállítandó hangtompítók sorozatszámát, fel kell mutatni a címzettek adatait, és végül csakis azok a címzettek kaphatják meg az alkatrészeket, amelyeket a fogadó fél megnevezett a 14-es pontban.

DOSSIER - Prime à la première embauche, indemnités prud'homales plafonnées, gel des seuils fiscaux, CDD renouvelables deux fois ... tour d'horizon de la batterie de mesures en faveur de l'emploi dans les petites entreprises que Manuel Valls a dévoilé le 9 juin 2015 .

A magyarországi helyzet mielőbbi értékelését, és ennyiből a jogállamisági keret első fázisának aktiválását várja az EP az Európai Bizottságtól, amelyet egyúttal a demokrácia, a jogállamiság és az emberi jogok állapotának éves felmérésére alkalmas mechanizmus létrehozására is felszólítottak. Az erről szóló állásfoglalást 362 szavazattal, 247 ellenszavazat és 88 tartózkodás mellett fogadta el szerdán az EP plenárisa.

Taner Yildiz has made a statement.

The Baku 2015 Flame lit up the beautiful lines and curves of the Heydar Aliyev Center today, carried by Azerbaijani sculptor Omar Eldarov.

Retrouvez l’interview de Francis Mer sur sa note : Nouvelle entreprise et valeur humaine. Francis Mer présente sa note : Nouvelle… par fondapol

Cet article Francis Mer présente sa note : Nouvelle entreprise et valeur humaine est apparu en premier sur Fondapol.

The COP 20 conference in Lima should stand as a warning to Europe that its leading role in global climate negotiations is being eroded. That is a consequence of Europe’s diminishing global importance, but also of its inability, and perhaps will, to create alliances.

The EU is still the only player fighting for a really ambitious and legally binding global agreement that takes the 2ºC goal seriously and accepts the findings and recommendations of all the IPCC reports. In short, everything needed to get the right result at COP 21 in Paris.

Europe held together in Lima, in contrast to before, and is still the region that has been the most successful in determining climate policies, setting binding targets and showing real results through falling CO2 emissions and the rising share of renewables. The 2020 targets are impressive and important beyond Europe too.

“The EU tends to misjudge its own strength in the world. It has to abandon the idea that it is enough to “be the best” and stand as the moral beacon”

But – and it is a big but – the EU tends to misjudge its own strength in the world. It has to abandon the idea that it is enough to “be the best” and stand as the moral beacon. It needs to increase its efforts to build strong alliances and that requires a climate policy focus that extends beyond CO2 reductions.

The U.S. and China have built a new political alliance, and as the two largest polluters they have unfortunately agreed not to commit themselves internationally to anything not already agreed upon at home. At the same time, polluters among the world’s emerging economies – including to some extent China – have hidden behind the protective G77 rhetoric that the rich countries are to blame and should commit to a special effort. On top of all this, the trend over the past 15 years has been against global agreements, notably in trade, and this is affecting the climate negotiations too. Yet the alternative would at best be regional climate change agreements.

The EU should arguably draw some obvious conclusions. The first is the building of alliances. A deal with Africa and with the world’s most vulnerable countries was reached in Durban, but it must now be re-established and enlarged to include countries in Latin American and Asia that really want an international agreement. COP 21 in Paris appears to be the last chance for a solid and effective global agreement, with the alternative being that China and the U.S., as the two big ones, set the agenda and decide on momentum. This would not be in the interest of the rest of the world.

“Follow-up mechanisms will therefore be extremely important, making the task of ensuring that Paris doesn’t become the end of the line a vital one”

A second EU conclusion should be that Europe must understand that climate adaptation has a major role to play. The EU must therefore be ready to speak loud and clear about the financial support it promised in Copenhagen. Yet in Lima it seemed as if this had been forgotten, and that financial aid for developing countries is not intricately connected to environmental and climate efforts.

The third, and most cumbersome, conclusion is that agreement in Paris will not prove as ambitious as it should be. Nor will it be as ambitious as we could agree on within the EU. Follow-up mechanisms will therefore be extremely important, making the task of ensuring that Paris doesn’t become the end of the line a vital one. The need will be for continued international negotiations, exchanges of experience, ever-greater global awareness and no let-up in the pressure for mankind’s largest transition project.

If we in the EU can draw these three conclusions in ample time before COP 21, we will have a chance to share our leadership with others. But if COP 21 is seen as merely a continuation of COP 20, we will be putting both our leadership and the world’s climate at risk.

The post Europe risks losing its global leadership on climate change appeared first on Europe’s World.

International climate negotiations are now in much better shape than before the 2009 Copenhagen conference, and that’s partly because there is now less emphasis on a legally binding treaty.

The big challenge in the run-up to the Paris conference is to understand the political issues and find realistic ways to resolve them through dialogue.  The conference itself would then be about removing any obstacles and celebrating its success.

A successful agreement in Paris would need four key elements. The first is for all countries, whether rich or poor, large or small, to commit to clear action on climate change. The second is to ensure that they all pledge to incorporate their commitments into national law. The third is to regularly review their cutting of emissions, while the fourth is to agree on robust financing in support of developing countries’ efforts on commitments.

“It will be crucial for the global community to meet every three years or so to review progress on the promises, and if necessary agree on further actions”

Financial support for developing and emerging economies is important, and to increase their access to climate finance, international organisations and agencies, including ourselves at the Global Green Growth Institute, are helping to develop investment-ready projects. Finance will be key to reaching agreement in Paris, but even if all these listed elements are met, Paris is unlikely to deliver on the 2ºC target. It will therefore be crucial for the global community to meet every three years or so to review progress on the promises, and if necessary agree on further actions.

The whole climate problem will not be resolved in Paris, and expectations for further emission cuts before 2020 are not very realistic. Asking countries like China, India and South Africa to reduce their emissions in absolute terms from 2020 onwards looks unrealistic. It would be more sensible to ask developing economies to limit their emissions growth in an initial time frame, and then start to reduce them in absolute terms.

Expectations in Copenhagen were too high and were not too clear. Six years on, there is more clarity on what the Paris conference should deliver, and when expectations are more realistic there’s a better chance of achieving results.

The post A strong dose of realism will determine the outcome of COP21 appeared first on Europe’s World.

The world will agree a global climate deal in Paris this year; of that, I have no doubt. The question is whether that deal will be enough.

Let us imagine a deal with a commitment to reduce global warming to below 2ºC, emissions targets for all major economies, and a system for reporting progress against those targets. At first sight, this might sound like the comprehensive deal we need. Yet in reality we already have an agreement on did all of this – the Copenhagen Accord that leaders approved back in 2009.

“All countries will need to show more flexibility in their positions, rather than keeping their cards close to their chest ahead of a final showdown in Paris”

This shows how important the substance of the final deal in Paris will be. It’s what we agree to, rather than whether we agree to anything at all that will be important.

To get a deal that has real substance, we need four things. First, countries need to start making compromises sooner rather than later. I have been to three COPs (the annual climate change conferences organised by the UN) – two of them as Spanish Minister for Agriculture and Environment and one as the EU Commissioner for energy and climate change. The most important lesson I learnt is that you get the best results when you don’t leave all the negotiating until the last minute.

As we say in Spanish, ‘No dejes para mañana lo que puedas hacer hoy’ – don’t leave for tomorrow, what you can do today. That’s why the EU submitted our contribution to the final deal back in March, including a legally binding commitment to reduce our emissions by at least 40% by 2030, well ahead of the deadline. We are now providing support to other countries preparing their own contributions.

All countries will need to show more flexibility in their positions, rather than keeping their cards close to their chest ahead of a final showdown in Paris. We cannot leave all the difficult decisions in Paris to the EU’s heads of state and government. Paris should be the icing on the cake, not the meat of the negotiations.

“It’s what we agree to, rather than whether we agree to anything at all that will be important”

Second, the final deal has to be worth the paper it’s printed on. It needs to be binding – a legal commitment and not just a loose aspiration. There are island nations whose very future depends on this. Without an ambitious deal they could literally disappear underwater by the end of this century. We owe it to them, and to industries whose companies are waiting to invest in our low carbon future, to give them long-term certainty.

The EU announced in March that we would be aiming for a binding protocol. It is no secret that like the United States a number of countries are reluctant to agree to some forms of binding deal. We have been working with our partners to search for a solution that works for everyone. We are absolutely clear, though, that Paris cannot just produce another set of vague voluntary goals.

Third, Paris cannot be the final word in climate negotiations. We need to be realistic. At the Paris Conference, countries might not be ready to make the commitments that would put us on track to keep global warming below 2ºC. If this proves to be the case we must agree a process for reassessing ambition, and increasing commitments at regular intervals in the years that follow.

“It needs to be binding – a legal commitment and not just a loose aspiration”

The eventual deal can only be considered a success if it is truly universal – that means if it works for every country, not just a few. Throughout the years of climate negotiations different countries and regions have had different priorities. The EU is trying to build bridges to other countries and take on their concerns. We delivered more than €9.5bn in climate finance to other countries in 2013, and we are clear that their priorities and concerns should be reflected in the final deal agreed in Paris.

The current co-chairs of the negotiations have done an excellent job of making sure all views are included in the final negotiating text. This spirit must be taken forward right to the end. No backroom deals, no secret pacts, no private texts. If we have all these things – early compromise, legal certainty, scope for raising ambition at later date, and a deal that’s truly universal – then Paris will be a success.

The post The four elements of success in Paris appeared first on Europe’s World.

Europe has for a quarter-century been at the forefront of climate change efforts, and the hope was that others would recognise its leadership and follow its example. Sadly, anyone attending international events knows that many non-European countries are finding chinks in Europe’s moral armour. The European Union may still be the global leader on climate questions, but its own internal policies, and its achievements, are falling short of its rhetoric.

First, there’s the question of headline emission levels. The EU’s greenhouse gas emission reduction goal of at least 40% by 2030 sounds the most ambitious of the “intended nationally determined contributions” (INDCs) declared so far to the UNFCCC. But Europe starts in 1990 and spans the years to 2030, while the U.S., with its 26-28% reduction goal started in 2005 and aims at 2025.  Using a 2005 start point, the EU is aiming for a 34% reduction by 2030 and, interpolating between the 2020 and 2030 targets, a 23% reduction by 2025. That sounds rather less impressive.

“The rise in renewables has for a combination of reasons been accompanied by a switch from gas towards coal”

There is, of course, no theoretically correct baseline year, but the ambiguity makes the case for Europe’s leadership harder to argue. There is also the question of the coherence between the 2030 target and the longer-term aspiration to reduce emissions by 80-95% by 2050. Current targets envisage emissions falling by a fifth between 1990 and 2020, and by a quarter in the 2020s. To reach even its minimum long-term aim would mean emissions falling by a third in the 2030s and by half in the 2040s. It’s far from clear that such an acceleration of effort is feasible. If an 80-95% emissions reduction by 2050 constitutes a fair European contribution to the global effort, then far more attention to the “at least” part of the “at least 40%” target is going to be needed.

The second issue is the energy mix. Europe’s achievement in expanding its renewable energy generation has been truly impressive. But in the last few years, the rise in renewables has for a combination of reasons been accompanied by a switch from gas towards coal. Weaknesses in the EU’s Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) have resulted in carbon prices that are too low to discourage coal burning. Meanwhile, world prices have been depressed as shale gas has displaced coal at power stations in the U.S., and operators have taken advantage of low coal prices to use up remaining operating hours under the Large Combustion Plant Directive. EU member states with abundant coal reserves have been keen to enhance their energy self-sufficiency and construct new plants, so Europe’s arguments against coal elsewhere in the world have been weakened.

“Striving for internal policies that are ambitious, credible and effective is essential if European leadership is not only to be retained, but reinforced”

Third, effective carbon pricing is widely seen as indispensable to climate change policies, yet the over-allocation of emission allowances, the promotion of low carbon renewable energies and the effects of economic recession on baseline emissions have together created a perfect storm for the ETS. The backloading decision for Phase III and the proposal for a market stability reserve have been steps in the right direction, but it remains to be seen whether these will rectify the fundamental structural weaknesses of the ETS. As other countries begin to introduce their own trading schemes, some of which may generate higher carbon prices than has the ETS, Europe’s leadership is once again coming under challenge. Some economists have argued for “border carbon adjustments” to compensate for differences in the stringency of national climate policies. It would be a shame if even a theoretical case could be made for applying these against, rather than by, Europe.

Leading by example is the key to effective leadership – and Europe’s halo has been slipping. Striving for internal policies that are ambitious, credible and effective is essential if European leadership is not only to be retained, but reinforced.

IMAGE CREDIT: CC / FLICKR – Takver

The post The EU’s internal debate is eclipsing its global leadership appeared first on Europe’s World.

Climate change is an area where no nation can afford to be inward-looking. Noble though they may be, countries’ individual initiatives are virtually ineffective if taken in isolation. The abatement measures taken so far by individual nations will not achieve the policy-based 2°C goal needed to just reduce the effects of climate change. In contrast to the Kyoto Protocol, the aim should therefore be to include all major “economies and economic sectors” in an international climate change agreement with legally binding emission reductions.

All the world’s major economies, including Brazil, China, India and the U.S., but far from them alone, should set legally binding goals on emissions reduction in the medium and long term to relieve the problem of carbon leakage and open up new cost-effective reductions.

“Fundamental to climate change mitigation is education, and although some commendable educational efforts are being made the focus must shift to moving away from traditional concepts of outreach”

An international commitment of this sort would filter down to regions, cities and even individual industrial sectors, and ensure they all play a proactive role in the future. The submission of ‘Intended Nationally Determined Contributions’ by individual countries as a bottom-up approach that includes robust compliance and enforcement would then have to follow. Such a system should ensure that all countries in the climate change agreement comply with their commitments; support should be given where needed, but all countries should be held accountable for non-compliance.

For the international negotiations on the 2015 agreement to succeed, the financing of climate mitigation and adaptation in developing countries is key. Disadvantaged states have in the past rightly voiced their concern about the lack of financial help from industrialised countries, yet the reality is that modern economies do indeed ‘exploit’ their natural and human resources, and one of the main victims of this has been the environment.

A two-pronged approach is needed when helping under-developed nations. The first is cleaner extraction at source, and the second is financial aid for cleaner energy. At the Cancún conference back in 2010, the EU and other developed countries said they would mobilise $100bn every year by 2020. However, since then progress on this has been slow if not non-existent. Those negotiations mainly revolved around the structure of the Green Climate Fund, a new multilateral fund meant to channel climate finance to developing countries.

“For the international negotiations on the 2015 agreement to succeed, the financing of climate mitigation and adaptation in developing countries is key”

 

The need to shift the environmental focus away from the national to the international – from the individual to the collective – is now overriding. The nature of climate change means new policies needs to transcend geographic borders. Fundamental to climate change mitigation is education, and although some commendable educational efforts are being made the focus must shift to moving away from traditional concepts of outreach. A holistic approach is needed to bring together community and business leaders, and of course the younger generations.

What we Europeans should be creating is a profound dialogue with developing countries that addresses the negative connotations of climate change. A successful EU climate pledge must therefore look beyond emissions within Europe, towards a collaborative approach with developing nations.

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Climate change isn’t new – the science has been known for a long time, and governments have been negotiating what to do about it for more than 20 years. What has changed, though, is that climate change is no longer a far-off problem. It is also just one manifestation of a plethora of inter-related issues. Development in rich and poor countries alike is pitting short-term gain against the wise use and equitable sharing of the world’s natural resources.

Opportunities for countries to collectively change course are rare. Yet 2015 offers a number of opportunities to abandon business as usual and set a common course of global action. The Paris conference in December could cap a year in which the world’s governments chart an ambitious course to eradicate extreme poverty while shifting to clean, affordable and renewable energy.

“The previously unshakeable belief that action on climate change was in opposition to economic growth has given way to a growing understanding that both goals are achievable”

The debate over whether climate change is real has given way to a richer discussion of the costs, benefits and actions needed. The previously unshakeable belief that action on climate change was in opposition to economic growth has given way to a growing understanding that both goals are achievable.

There are significant issues still to be addressed. There remain profound differences on how to assess the obligations and responsibilities of each country, and it is still an open question where the financing will come from. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has consistently called for a universal climate agreement in Paris, and his preparatory climate summit last September brought together a hundred national leaders to boost the level of political ambition on climate change. Governments and corporate CEOs announced eight action areas that included climate finance, energy, transport, industry, agriculture, cities, forests and building resilience.

When negotiations came together again in Lima, Peru, last December, change was very much in the air and the Lima-Paris Action Agenda was established to increase momentum. The good omens now include early agreement on a baseline negotiating text, increased levels of ambition from China, the U.S. and from European countries, and $10bn pledged to the Green Climate Fund with the prospect of more to come. But of course Paris is not the destination. It is just a very necessary way station on the road to a sustainable world.

 

IMAGE CREDIT: CC / FLICKR – Tim J Keegan

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The EU expects the Paris climate change conference to show that all major economies are leading the rest of the world in a new global agreement to prevent dangerous climate change. The science tells us that success depends on limiting the global temperature rise to below 2ºC by gradually reducing greenhouse gas emissions to near zero before the end of this century. But will the emissions reduction targets announced by Paris put us on this pathway?

On their own, the Paris targets are unlikely to meet this challenge. For many countries, whether industrialised or developing, this will be the first time they act domestically and commit internationally to limiting their greenhouse gas emissions. And for most, the Paris targets will set goals only until 2025 or 2030. Paris can nonetheless be judged a success by reaching three critical tipping points.

The first tipping point is regulatory. The targets set in Paris should demonstrate that more than 80% of global greenhouse gas emissions will for the first time be regulated domestically for their effect on the global climate system. This means that governments in all the major economies are acting to limit emissions in the near-term, and it implies that policymakers must continue to act within the timeframes and emissions limits determined by science.

“The Paris conference should provide evidence that a combination of regulatory push and consumer pull is driving down the costs of the low carbon technologies essential to decarbonisation”

The second tipping point involves markets and the technological innovations driven by market forces. The Paris conference should provide evidence that a combination of regulatory push and consumer pull is driving down the costs of the low carbon technologies essential to decarbonisation. Together, public and private investors, multinational companies that command global supply chains and governments that procure products and services need to demonstrate that demand is growing inexorably for alternatives to fossil fuels, and for the technologies that will deliver carbon neutrality.

The third tipping point is political. Paris should show that it’s no longer possible for any political leader to deny the science of climate change, or to shirk its country’s responsibility to be part of the solution. The key evidence for this will be the commitment by all governments to a legally binding system of transparency and accountability that will hold each party to account for meeting its targets, and to return regularly to the negotiating table to strengthen their targets over time, in line with what the science requires.

While the Paris agreement will represent a first step, it may also be our last chance to stabilise greenhouse gas emissions at safe levels.

 

IMAGE CREDIT: CC / FLICKR – Asian Development Bank

 

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All eyes will be focused on Paris in December when leaders from almost 200 countries that are parties to the United Nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC) next meet. Their challenge is to agree a new phase of the climate change treaty that is ambitious enough to keep global temperatures below to 2ºC by the end of this century instead of the nearly 4ºC we are currently heading to.

The deal to be negotiated in Paris needs all countries to substantially reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases, a goal attempted unsuccessfully a few years ago in Copenhagen.

“The good news is that the basic negotiating text has been agreed, and all countries are putting forward their own emission reduction pledges”

Among the sticking points in these global negotiations is the famous phrase Common but Differentiated Responsibilities, or CBDR, which means that while all countries should do what they can, some, mostly rich ones, should bear a greater responsibility and should do more than the others. Developing countries are a single negotiating bloc called the “Group of 77 and China” (although there are now well over 130 countries in this group), which has a number of sub-groups like the Least Developed Countries (LDC) group, the Alliance of Small Island States, (AOSIS) and others.

When the UNFCCC process began over 20 years ago, this division between rich and poor countries made sense. But then things have changed dramatically. China is now the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, having overtaken the U.S., while countries like India, Brazil, South Africa and Indonesia are becoming bigger greenhouse gas emitters than many rich western countries.

The time has therefore come to de-emphasise the “Differentiated” and re-emphasise the “Common” in CBDR. This may require new alliances that will break the traditional rich versus poor dichotomy. Just such an alliance happened already at the UNFCCC meeting in Durban a few years ago when to break the deadlock between the rich countries and the G77 plus China the European Union allied itself with the LDC group. This led to agreement on the Durban Platform which set in train the negotiations now due to be finalised in Paris.

The good news as we head for Paris is that the basic negotiating text has been agreed, and all countries are putting forward their own emission reduction pledges. These are positive signs, but the trick will be to create alliances and coalitions of the willing. The hope must be that once again the LDCs and EU could form just such an alliance.

 

IMAGE CREDIT: CC / FLICKR – D B Young

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Climate change is posing unprecedented challenges in two ways. There is a growing body of knowledge on the consequences of climate change, and there is the imperative need to act on mitigation and adaptation due to related disasters.

The negotiations between parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) need to find of solutions to a series of issues. These include differentiation, which is closely related to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, the legal nature of the agreement, the political balance between mitigation and adaptation, and ways to finance loss and damage. In any negotiation, groups build alliances to find consensus that would be the basis of an agreement.

“The solution to the problem of climate change extends beyond the inter-governmental process”

Of course, the solution to the problem of climate change extends beyond the inter-governmental process. It affects the everyday life of people, their livelihoods and economic stability, for developed and developing countries alike. The impact of climate change will deeply affect our ways of life, but so too will the solutions. That’s why many stakeholders have recognised this challenge as an opportunity to tackle climate change outside the formal UNFCCC process.

The alliances between the different stakeholders at all levels, both state and non-state actors, can give inputs that complement the inter-governmental process. These alliances should be at the heart of the development process, with inputs from all stakeholders recognised. We should foster the creation of more spaces for policymakers and environmental experts to exchange their concerns, and hopefully this will lead to new practices and paradigm shifts.

Climate change is a two-sided problem that has to be addressed from both ends. For many years, the identification of mitigation measures has shown progress and countries around the world are working on them to a varying extent. On the adaptation side, the need for peoples, ecosystems and economies to respond to the adverse effects of climate change means we must improve our resilience at all levels.

There is a causal relationship between mitigation and adaptation; the more we mitigate, the less adaptation will be required. There is, of course, a gap in terms of the timing as the causality is not immediate, the alliances between mitigation and adaptation experts can be win-win ones.

We can expect to see more alliances, and Peru’s contribution to the engagement with state and non-state actors is being made through the Lima-Paris Action Agenda (LPAA). Launched by the governments of Peru and France representing COP20 and COP21 presidencies, the LPAA aims to stimulate new initiatives, showcase existing partnerships and engage with the public sector to scale up finance for climate mitigation and adaptation.

IMAGE CREDIT: CC / FLICKR – Gerard Van der Leun

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