Cette recension d’ouvrages est issue de Politique étrangère (1/2015). Hélène Quénot-Suarez propose une analyse de l’ouvrage coordonné par Hubert Védrine, Lionel Zinsou, Tidjane Thiam, Jean-Michel Severino et Hakim El Karoui, Un partenariat pour l’avenir. 15 propositions pour une nouvelle dynamique économique entre l’Afrique et la France (Paris, Pluriel, 2014, 352 pages).
Fruit d’un rapport commandé par le ministère de l’Économie et des Finances, cet ouvrage présente un panorama complet des potentialités économiques du continent africain, et les analyse avec un point de vue très « afro-optimiste ». C’est donc un document de référence utile, une compilation rassurante et variée, qui sont proposés dans la première partie de l’ouvrage. La deuxième propose des pistes pour mettre en œuvre un agenda économique propre à développer un « partenariat » renouvelé. La dernière partie, plus stratégique, se concentre sur la position de la France sur le continent.
La thèse soutenue par les auteurs est que Paris n’a pas pris l’entière mesure des changements à l’œuvre en Afrique. La croissance économique très rapide du continent, son urbanisation croissante ou sa forte résilience lors de la crise de 2008 en font pourtant une zone particulièrement adaptée pour saisir de nouvelles opportunités économiques et créer de la richesse, tant en France – les auteurs y annoncent la création possible de plus de 200 000 emplois en lien avec les activités africaines – qu’en Afrique. Mais, faute de se renouveler, la France perd logiquement des parts de marché sur le continent, face aux nouveaux grands acteurs économiques comme la Chine, mais aussi face à des partenaires plus traditionnels comme l’Allemagne.
Si l’état des lieux a le mérite de l’enthousiasme et de la nouveauté, les propositions sont, elles, beaucoup plus classiques, et l’on pourra regretter que la puissance d’analyse habituelle des auteurs ne s’y exprime pas plus largement. Le fait que le rapport ait été commandé par le ministère de l’Économie et des Finances peut être une première limite. En pratique, la diplomatie économique française est portée à la fois par Bercy et par le ministère des Affaires étrangères, qui en a fait un axe majeur de sa politique internationale[1]. Il aurait alors été intéressant de lire une analyse et des propositions sur la rationalisation possible de l’action de ces deux institutions. Les présentes analyses ne mentionnent d’ailleurs que peu les réalisations en place depuis 2012.
Enfin, on pourra regretter que la compilation – utile par ailleurs – de chiffres économiques sur le continent ne soit pas soumise à la critique, quand les difficultés pour y établir des données fiables sont fort bien connues des praticiens.
Les chercheurs et analystes spécialisés sur l’Afrique ne trouveront donc pas d’analyses nouvelles ou critiques dans cet ouvrage. Ce dernier est d’abord un outil utile pour les acteurs économiques privés français qui, au-delà des propositions techniques, pourraient y puiser un enthousiasme nouveau pour un continent jusqu’ici mal perçu. Au-delà des solutions proposées, c’est bien cette perception qui est au cœur de l’évolution des relations économiques avec l’Afrique.
[1]. A. Leboeuf et H. Quénot-Suarez, La Politique africaine de la France sous François Hollande. Renouvellement et impensé stratégique, Paris, Ifri, « Études de l’Ifri », novembre 2014, disponible sur : <www.ifri.org/fr/publications/ouvrages-de-lifri/politique-africaine-de-france-francois-hollande-renouvellement>.
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Le président français a déclaré, mardi 19 mai, que réorienter l’Europe avait été une tâche difficile. Il a également assuré que l’objectif des 3 % du déficit sera atteint à temps, voire même avant le délai accordé par Bruxelles.
La Commission européenne réfute les accusations selon lesquelles elle tenterait de concentrer les pouvoirs grâce à la mise en place d'un panel d’experts chargé d'évaluer le travail législatif.
“Inter-cultural dialogue should not only lead to a deeper understanding of the other, but also include conflict prevention and de-escalation, combating prejudices and stereotypes in the public and political discourse,” Ambassador Alexis Chahtahtinsky, OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Baku, said in his remarks at the Third World Forum on Intercultural Dialogues that took place in Baku on 18-19 May 2015.
Ambassador Chahtahtinsky spoke at the plenary session titled Sharing Culture for Sharing Security which was devoted to the responsibility of international institutions and governments in building trust and understanding between cultures and civilizations and shaping common global agenda.
The rise of anti-Semitism, Christianophobia, often associated with violent extremism and radicalization leading to terrorism, as well as the rise of xenophobia, islamophobia and of the far right have a destructive potential for many societies in the OSCE area, Ambassador Chahtahtinsky said.
Project Co-ordinator believes that international organizations need to join efforts in supporting voices of moderation, promoting dialogue and restoring trust. “One of the ways of doing is through participation in fora like this one, and I want to commend the Government of Azerbaijan for taking this initiative,” he said.
In conclusion, Ambassador Chahtahtinsky stated that the OSCE, with its comprehensive approach to security and co-operation, is uniquely equipped to address these challenges, and can provide a platform for participating states to learn from each other’s experience.
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TASHKENT, 20 May 2015 – An OSCE hosted seminar to discuss the role of the private sector in national assessment of risks of money laundering and financing of terrorism started today in Tashkent.
The day-long seminar was organized by the OSCE Project Coordinator in Uzbekistan together with the Financial Intelligence Unit of Uzbekistan and the International Training and Methodology Centre for Financial Monitoring in the framework of the plenary assembly of the Eurasian Group on Combatting Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG), held in Tashkent in the period of 18-22 May, 2015.
Delegations of all EAG member-states, representatives of the government and the financial sector of Uzbekistan, as well as international experts discussed some of the most pressing money laundering and terrorism financing risks. They also shared knowledge on how to effectively assess and tackle them. The participants stressed the importance of the private sector involvement for an efficient implementation of the National Risk Assessment.
“The OSCE continues to support international efforts that have made National Risk Assessment the standard in the fight against money laundering and financing of terrorism. Risk-based approach can help design comprehensive and cost- and result-effective strategies. But for this to happen it is vital that the private sector be fully involved,” said Ambassador György Szabo, the Head of Mission of the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan.
The seminar is part of long-term activities by the OSCE Project Coordinator in Uzbekistan to support the government of Uzbekistan in its work to combat money laundering and terrorism financing.
Related StoriesThe European Commission’s newly proposed Agenda on Migration recognises Europe’s legal and moral obligation to save lives and provide protection to people fleeing war, persecution and violence. All EU member states should fully back the proposals, as the right to asylum in Europe is enshrined in Article 18 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights and both international and EU law obligate member states to offer asylum and provide safeguards to those needing protection.
People are currently paying huge sums to travel on unseaworthy boats to flee war in Syria, conflict and repression in Africa and the dangerous situation in Libya, because Europe’s land borders are closed. Decisions made with full knowledge of the journey’s life-threatening nature prove these people’s desperation. They have no other option because EU countries provide almost no safe and legal routes to seek asylum in Europe. Existing legal avenues of humanitarian visas, family reunification and sponsorships are not utilised by most member states, driving the demand for smugglers’ services.
“The most efficient method of shutting down smugglers is to eliminate the need for their services by providing safe and legal channels to Europe”
The EU has now added a naval operation to “disrupt the business model of smugglers and traffickers networks”. However, the most efficient method of shutting down smugglers – a goal we agree with – is to eliminate the need for their services by providing safe and legal channels to Europe. A military operation will lead to more deaths, either directly as collateral damage in this unwinnable “war” against smugglers or indirectly as desperate refugees take even more dangerous journeys when boats are destroyed. The ultimate irony is that these people are fleeing war, persecution and violence; with this military action they are being met with the same.
Thankfully, Europe has also recognised the need for effective search and rescue in the Mediterranean, and has responded by utilising available expertise within the European border agency Frontex. Several European states and private humanitarian organisations have also made ships available to provide search and rescue outside of the Frontex-led operations. As the Mediterranean has become “the world’s deadliest border”, it is imperative that proper search and rescue equipment be in the right location when it is needed. This requires a substantial operation, perhaps even greater in scope than Italy’s Mare Nostrum. As life is the most fundamental of human rights, further work on establishing search and rescue operations should receive top priority.
But does Europe’s obligation end when people are plucked from the sea? Certainly not.
Given the legal responsibility under international and EU law toward asylum seekers, individual member states cannot rescue without also assuming their share of Europe’s responsibility to provide international protection. This is where the need for “a European solution” and European solidarity are key, as it is unfair for a small number of countries to take responsibility for the majority of asylum seekers and refugees.
“Refugees are not refrigerators, and their apportionment should not be a logistics exercise”
The Commission has proposed an EU-wide resettlement scheme that includes a “distribution key” as a safe and legal channel to Europe. While the resettlement numbers proposed are miniscule compared to the vulnerable people in need of protection, and resettlement has long been a safe and legal channel open to member states, this new scheme does offer a statistics-based method to apportion refugees. A similar temporary relocation scheme and “distribution key” for those already on EU soil would transfer asylum seekers from member states under the most strain.
While these schemes may contribute to building European solidarity in situations of mass influx and emergency, these models fail to take “the best interest of the individual” into account. Refugees are not refrigerators, and their apportionment should not be a logistics exercise. Refugees are children, women and men, most of whom have undergone traumatic experiences during their flight, seeking stability and a new life. Factors such as ties to a member state – such as a family member residing there, existing language abilities and the strength of the existing ethnic community – should be taken into consideration to promote effective long-term community integration. Without such consideration, and given wide disparities in treatment by member states, refugees will continue to move around Europe to live in places most suitable to their situation – as we would all do if our children faced the same peril.
Protection also includes integration support, which the EU must continue to prioritise. The offer of language tuition and additional job skills training, the recognition of existing qualifications and the opportunity to access the job market, decent health care and housing will all help to create a functioning, taxpaying, member of society.
A new rights-based approach to asylum and migration reflecting fundamental European values is urgently needed. While this situation is complex, and further complicated by the realities of European politics, the status quo is untenable.
IMAGE CREDIT: CC / FLICKR – UNHCR
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L'Allemagne devrait aussi renforcer ses pratiques de renseignement lors de la révision d'une loi sur la conservation des données. Mais elle prévoit des délais nettement plus courts que ce qu'envisage le projet de loi sur le renseignement en France.
The inclusion of women in militaries across the world has been increasing in recent decades. Changing attitudes towards women’s role in society and the workplace, shifting workforce patterns and imperatives, and changing laws and policies regarding women’s participation in the armed forces have all contributed to the increase in the representation of women in many militaries across the world. However, progress has been sporadic, slow and, in some instances, it has stalled. Across most militaries women are underrepresented. They are particularly underrepresented in leadership roles. But why is this an important issue? Why should the armed forces care about the representation of women in their militaries?
Retrouvez l’interview de Mohamed Tareq Oubrou sur sa note : Coran, clés de lecture. Tareq Oubrou présente sa note: Coran, clés de… par fondapol
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Le premier ministre hongrois, Viktor Orban a affirmé au Parlement européen que l'abolition de la peine de mort « n’était pas gravée dans le marbre ». Il estime que la proposition de quotas de réfugiés est « à la limite de la folie».
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Dans une lettre à Jean-Claude Juncker, la médiatrice européenne a émis huit propositions pour garantir que les fonds européens ne financent pas de programmes qui violent les droits fondamentaux.
Ma délután teszi le a hivatali esküt. A tárcavezetői poszt azután üresedett meg, hogy Liviu Dragnea lemondott a tisztségről, amiért a legfelsőbb bíróság egy év felfüggesztett börtönbüntetésre ítélte a 2012-es népszavazás elcsalása miatt. A b1 hírtelevízió megjegyzi, Sevil Shhaideh Liviu Dragnea rokona, és rokonsági kapcsolatban áll Konstanca megye felfüggesztett tanácselnökével is, akinek a vezetése alatt dolgozott korábban a Konstanca megyei tanácsnál.
Ezt tegnap jelentette be a vizsgálatokat vezető marseilles-i ügyészség. A földi maradványokat a DNS-minták alapján azonosították és átadták a hozzátartozóknak, így a katasztrófa után csaknem két hónappal meg lehet tartani a temetéseket. A Germanwings Barcelona-Düsseldorf útvonalon közlekedő gépe március 24-én zuhant le Franciaország déli részén, az Alpokban. A gép két fekete dobozának adatai alapján a másodpilóta bezárkózott a pilótafülkébe és szándékosan idézte elő a katasztrófát.