The world was made officially aware of corruption at FIFA when the U.S. Department of Justice set charges against several FIFA officials in an investigation going back several years. While there were ongoing suspicions of corrupt practices going on at FIFA linked to the World Cup in South Africa and Qatar, no actions had been taken until recently. What likely sparked off the push against FIFA was the national corruption debate in Brazil and its links to the last World Cup. Popular protests against the game that many in Brazil would have called a blessing were tarnished by corruption in the Brazilian government, not to mention FIFA itself. Two Brazilian nationals were charged this past week as well, which comes as no surprise to Brazilians, who are mired in a scandal that may even end in the removal of the president.
Since the global economic crisis of 2007–08, many governments have created new agencies to better regulate many private industries. In those cases where industry leaders have been seen committing severe acts of negligence, official and legally binding regulations have been applied and enforced.
In Brazil, the recent discovery of corrupt practices in their energy and construction industry and links to the ruling party has given the judicial community a great deal of power to enforce and enact new laws. In countries with a strong judiciary, strict guidelines and agencies work to streamline government regulations and their application. In those cases where the industry has been seen as a cooperative member in the policy making process, often voluntary regulations are expected by those companies in self-regulating their own actions and policies.
Legislation, policies and self-regulation will be applied differently in different situations. What has yet to be addressed are policies that are present but not followed by directors, officials or agents of those companies. Although FIFA always had well-scripted policies for self-regulation, when there is a culture of corruption in an already-regulated company or industry, there must also be a means of applying and enforcing the policy.
In many legal cases by individuals against large corporations there is often a trend of company officials bending their own policies in order to treat the victims harshly. The response to breaking their own rules often results in drafting more rules. However, without enforcement the policies are as good as the level of negligence being committed by the offending company officers. For companies to maintain self-regulation, they must actually create policies that are to be used.
VIENNA, 8 June 2015 – The significance of the Open Skies Treaty remains a vital instrument for confidence building and promoting the openness of military forces, said participants of the third Treaty Review Conference, which opened today in Vienna. The three-day meeting will review the functioning and implementation of the landmark Open Skies Treaty.
The Treaty allows its State Parties to conduct peaceful aerial observations over each other’s territories.
Opening the meeting, First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belarus, Aleksandr Mikhnevich, in his address as Chairperson of the Conference, said that the Open Skies Treaty is one of the most important and effective military-political instruments aimed at building trust and increasing transparency among the OSCE participating States.
Mikhnevich also stressed the importance of conventional arms control and confidence- and security-building measures in the light of the security crisis in Europe caused by developments in and around Ukraine.
These mechanisms, including the Open Skies Treaty, cannot on their own to bring a solution to the current situation there, Mikhnevich said, but he pointed out that “they can make a substantial contribution to reducing tension by means of addressing various concerns in the area of security and restoring the atmosphere of trust.”
Mikhnevich also noted the importance of the Open Skies Treaty for his country. “It was one of the first international legal instruments to which the Belarusian state signed up to after gaining its independence, thereby demonstrating its adherence to strengthening security and stability in the area from Vancouver to Vladivostok,” he said.
Ambassador Robert Kvile, Permanent Representative of Norway to the OSCE and the current Chairperson of the Vienna-based Open Skies Consultative Commission, the Treaty’s implementing body, said that the Conference is an important milestone in the Treaty’s history. “We are about to take the Treaty one step further with today’s technology,” he said referring to efforts to take it into the digital era.
“The hard work performed by the Informal Working Groups on Sensors and Certification during the past years has resulted in significant achievements for the future functioning of the Treaty,” he said.
At the same time, he also touched upon certain challenges related to the functioning and implementation of the Treaty since the Second review Conference in 2010. “Selective implementation of the treaty is of specific concern. There is need for a frank discussion on such issues at this review conference,” Kvile noted.
The Open Skies Treaty was signed in 2002 and calls for a review conference to be held every five years. There are 34 State Parties, including most European states, the United States and Canada. More than 1,100 observations flights have been carried out under the Treaty since it came into force.
Related StoriesThe first bilateral meeting on gender equality issues of Parliamentary Committees from Montenegro and Albania took place on 7 June 2015 in Budva, Montenegro.
Parliamentarians from two countries gathered to talk about an access to financial means for women entrepreneurs, successful practices, recommendations and possible joint initiatives.
The meeting was organised by the OSCE Mission to Montenegro and the OSCE Presence in Albania in order to initiate and strengthen bilateral co-operation between two parliaments on issues of joint interest.
The members of the Committees discussed different aspects and challenges for women entrepreneurship and concluded that both countries have similar experiences and obstacles. It was decided that these meetings need to be continued with full committee participation. The next meeting will focus on more concrete steps and joint initiatives.
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