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Federica MOGHERINI, EU HR for foreign Affairs and Security Policy, attends the International Conference, on 3 June 2016, in Paris.

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Welcome to Friday’s edition of our daily Brussels Briefing. To receive it every morning in your email in-box, sign up here.

A select group of foreign media were ushered to the Matignon palace on Wednesday evening for a reassurance session with Manuel Valls, the French prime minister battling union opposition after ramming a jobs bill through parliament without a vote.

The goal? Try and fix the fast deteriorating image of France abroad after a week of messy protests. Do not draw the cliched conclusion that France is a chaotic and unreformable country, he pleaded, even if the country’s largest union – headed by thegrumpy-looking, mustachioed Philippe Martinez – threatens to disrupt transport and fuel supplies during the Euro 2016 football championship. “Tell your readers: ‘Come by plane. Come by car. Come by train’,” Mr Valls urged.

It was also an attempt by the 53-year old to quash mounting suspicion in Brussels and Berlin — perhaps rising as fast as the Seine levels after a week of unusually heavy rains — that the much-awaited jobs reform may not be one after all. “The CGT knows my determination,” Mr Valls insisted. “I won’t change a thing.” What Mr Valls really meant was that he would refuse to touch article 2 of the reform, a key provision stipulating that companies’ deals with their unions and employees on overtime would supersede sectoral collective bargaining.

There were personal political motives too: to reclaim his place as reformer and taboo breaker of the French left, which the iconoclastic, younger and more popular Emmanuel Macron now seems to occupy. Since being appointed by François Hollande in 2014, Mr Valls has had to be loyal and defend whatever the deeply unpopular president initiated — including the controversial and failed attempt to change the constitution to strip Frenchterrorists of their citizenship. As a result, Mr Valls’ popular backing has sunk to levels almost as low as the president’s abysmal approval ratings.

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General : The European Parliament has honoured 50 people and organisations from 26 EU countries with this year's Citizen's Prize for their contribution to European cooperation and the promotion of common values. The jury, headed by Parliament Vice-President Sylvie Guillaume, selected the 2016 laureates after a consultation of the 79 proposals that made it through to the national juries.

Source : © European Union, 2016 - EP

General : The European Parliament has honoured 50 people and organisations from 26 EU countries with this year's Citizen's Prize for their contribution to European cooperation and the promotion of common values. The jury, headed by Parliament Vice-President Sylvie Guillaume, selected the 2016 laureates after a consultation of the 79 proposals that made it through to the national juries.

Source : © European Union, 2016 - EP

In countless zombie movies there is the classic moment where a member of the dwindling band of survivors is cornered and desperately opens fire on the oncoming tide of walking dead. Despite firing off round after round, to the despair of our hero, the enemies keep approaching until the fateful click of his empty gun that tells him the game is up.

It’s a predicament not unlike that of German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble as he fights a rearguard action to ward off Brussels plans for a common eurozone scheme to guarantee bank deposits.

The idea, known as EDIS, is loathed in Berlin on the grounds that it could force Germany to help cover the costs of bank failures elsewhere in Europe. At the same time, perhaps unsurprisingly, it is lauded in Southern Europe as a guarantee that capitals will be helped to cope with financial crises.

So far, Mr Schäuble has thrown all kinds of obstacles at the proposal, which was unveiled by the European Commission late last year. He has insisted on a tough programme to close loopholes in existing regulations which he says must be fulfilled before EDIS is even considered. He has also questioned the very legal foundations of the plan – saying parts of it have budgetary implications for nations that go beyond what is allowed under the EU treaties.

Despite all this, discussions on the text have rumbled on for months in the EU’s Council of Ministers.

Now, however, Germany is seeking to hit Brussels where it really hurts: with its own rules of procedure.

In a joint paper with Finland, obtained by the FT, Germany seeks to hoist the European Commission up by its institutional petard, accusing it of failing to respect “requirements under primary law and the Better Regulation principles” by not carrying out a full “impact assessment” before presenting the EDIS plan in November.

It’s the Brussels equivalent of trying to take down Al Capone for tax evasion. But hey, it worked.

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Plenary session and committee meetings, Strasbourg

Source : © European Union, 2016 - EP

DRAFT OPINION on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from requirement (Ukraine)
Committee on Foreign Affairs
Jacek Saryusz-Wolski

Source : © European Union, 2016 - EP

DRAFT OPINION on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement (Kosovo)
Committee on Foreign Affairs
Ulrike Lunacek

Source : © European Union, 2016 - EP

Source : © European Union, 2016 - EP

Source : © European Union, 2016 - EP

General : The influx of irregular migrants continues to pose a challenge to Europe. According to Frontex 13,800 people had to be rescued in the central Mediterranean over the last week alone. The EU is working on different ways to manage migration better. On Monday 30 May Parliament's civil liberties committee approved proposals concerning migration and cooperation with other countries, paving the way for a better management of the EU's borders. Read on for an overview of what is being proposed.

Source : © European Union, 2016 - EP

General : The influx of irregular migrants continues to pose a challenge to Europe. According to Frontex 13,800 people had to be rescued in the central Mediterranean over the last week alone. The EU is working on different ways to manage migration better. On Monday 30 May Parliament's civil liberties committee approved proposals concerning migration and cooperation with other countries, paving the way for a better management of the EU's borders. Read on for an overview of what is being proposed.

Source : © European Union, 2016 - EP

When I look at Europe, one of the stronger elements that brings us and keeps us together is the culture of Europe. And some of that culture required - long, long ago - major investments. The Colloseum in Rome, the Acropolis in Athens and Alhambra in Granada required in their days major investments. And I'm pretty sure that the people who put the money on the table had they focussed on short-term quarterly figures, had not done those investments. Still today millions of tourists still visit Italy, Greece and Spain to see these major European landmarks.  

At the moment, in my mind, many businesses are preoccupied with the short term. If you will, they are preoccupied with keeping their shareholders satisfied in the short run. And spent too little time on their long-term prospects, too little time on competitiveness and innovation for the long run. This holds back the investment levels in Europe and holds back long-term growth and growth in jobs. So one of our biggest challenges is to ensure companies redirect a good amount of their attention from the next quarter to the next decade.

That requires a long-term vision, and explain that in a convincing way vision to their shareholders. Explain that companies need long-term investments to remain innovative, and expand the competitive advantage they have. That's the key question. To motivate these investments. I think basically it's about survival. Investing in time and in the right way. I understand that may reduce cash flows and dividends in the short term.
This is true for all sectors in the economy, be it households and businesses, but also the public sector. Because governments also face this challenge. We levy taxes today and ask our 'shareholders' - the electorate -  to allow us to invest in education and roads. 

To promote the shift towards the long term and to encourage long-term investments, I recently called on big businesses to stop publishing their quarterly figures. That was extreme, and you don't have to take it literally. I don't mean you should stop informing. I mean to shift the emphasis away from quarterly results. Several companies (Unilever, Aalberts Industries and Heineken) have stressed the importance of publishing relevant results instead of the current quarterly figures. Moreover, more and more investors think the same. That's why I'm glad Larry Fink has been hammering on this anvil for some time in his yearly letter to some of the largest companies in the world. And during a meeting I had last week with around 50 of the largest European multinationals, I felt there was a broad need for change. The CEOs of these companies, however, did stress that they cannot do this on their own, and they're absolutely right. We, the governments, need to built a stable foundation to increase long-term investments.

This can be seen on a European level, where over the last few years the economic and financial landscape has changed dramatically. To create a stable environment, governments needed to get their budgets on a sustainable path and countries needed growth-enhancing structural reforms. Many eurozone governments have delivered in this regard. For example, the labour markets in many countries have been reformed. In Spain for example. Moreover, product markets have been reformed. In Portugal and Italy this has opened up various sectors and stimulated economic growth in both countries. And in the Netherlands, we have reformed pensions and the housing market and lowered taxes on labour. These measures have laid the foundations for further economic growth.

We have also taken further steps to increase the supply of finance to the private sector, to allow it to flourish. This has given rise - among other things - to the Juncker-plan and other initiatives to get credit to the economy. We also set up two landmark initiatives: We established the Banking Union at unprecedented speed and started working on the Capital Markets Union. The Banking Union has been set up to make banks more stable and to weaken the link between banks and sovereigns, which was a major risk during the crisis. In other words, to ensure we are 'open for business' again. The Capital Markets Union is intended to cut the cost of raising capital and reduces the high dependence on bank funding throughout the EU. Both initiatives increase the stability and growth potential of the EU economy. 

At the moment under the Dutch Presidency, we have been working on European tax regimes Therefore we are negotiating new rules against corporate tax avoidance on a European level. The principal aim is to prevent multinationals from exploiting the technicalities of a tax system, or mismatches between different tax systems, in order to reduce or avoid their tax liabilities. I think we are close to a deal and I hope to see common rules before the end of the Dutch presidency. 

So on the one hand, we are providing clear, shared fundamentals to share our information and battle tax avoidance by European cooperation. On the other hand, we need to remain competitive. Supporting research and development are still welcome. 

I think in the end, we should be realistic about our tax policies. In my mind companies will look for all the legal tax-breaks they can find, but more than anything, businesses want certainty. They want predictable tax regimes that enable them to plan further ahead than next year. This is where governments should facilitate businesses. So the Juncker-plan, the Banking Union, the Capital Markets Union and our tax regimes should make Europe more shock-proof and encourage long-term investment. 

What stands in the way of long-term investments? There are three mechanisms at play in my mind, that cause short-termism.

The first mechanism is asymmetry of information. Shareholders can observe the short-term effects of company policies on share prices, but this is much harder for long-term effects. I think this is why shareholders tend to look back at the last three months instead of forward to the next three years. This means that companies have an incentive to boost short-term results at the expense of long-term results. And it's very hard for shareholders to figure out that this choice has been made. Moreover, following George Akerlof's 'market for lemons' model, shareholders cannot possibly be expected to distinguish a real long term strategy from a strategy that is presented as long-term, but is in fact only meant to cover short-term losses. According to Akerlof, if a company fails to produce the short-term results that shareholders like to see, managers can quite easily claim that the disappointing short-term numbers are not disappointing at all, because the company has increased its long-term value, even if this is not the case. 

We need to address this. I think accountancy can play a vital role in this regard. Accountants can help us figure out relevant indicators to measure a company's long-term strategy. They can help us enrich the meaning of a company's value. Solid, reliable reporting on its long-term strategy can help shift the attention of shareholders and firms from quarterly numbers to the long term.

The second mechanism is remuneration. The current remuneration models depend on short-term results. The experiences of the financial sector during the crisis have learned how harmful this can be for the economy as a whole. But I also think this issue deserves wider attention beyond the financial sector. We can solve this problem by rethinking variable remuneration structures. In the Netherlands, for example, clawback and malus schemes are incorporated into Dutch law. And our Corporate Governance Code seeks to promote remuneration policies that stimulates long-term value creation. The question is, of course, is this enough?

The third and final mechanism simply is human nature. From behavioural economics, we know that people are poor planners who tend to extrapolate future performance from past results. What's more, we tend to overstate the importance of short-term results and disregard future challenges. This is what's known as the 'planning fallacy', which was described by Nobel prize-winner Daniel Kahneman and his collaborator Amos Tversky. The idea is that the time and capital required to complete future tasks and the risks entailed are systematically underestimated. According to Kahneman and Tversky, we succumb to the planning fallacy even when we know that similar tasks in the past took more time and capital, and involved greater risks than envisaged. 

I have no illusions that we can change human nature very easily. But being aware is the start of changing behaviour. We must remove impediments that prevent firms from acting in their own long-term interest and investing for the future. But this can only be done if we work together. Governments can create a level playing field and establish the right parameters. Accountants have to work out a way to calculate long-term figures and assess long-term strategy in a reliable and relevant way.
And companies need to invest. With information that reflects a realistic ambition. With remuneration that reflects the interest of the firm. And with focus on the next decade rather than next quarter. 

We need to establish a business climate with a level playing field, string institutions, a stable and clear policy environment, banks that are open for business and well functioning capital markets. Allowing European businesses to redirect their attention from ticking the investor's box to long-term investments for growth in Europe.

Thank you.