Individuelle Nettovermögen legen zwischen 2012 und 2017 im Schnitt um ein Fünftel an Wert zu – Vor allem Immobilien und Betriebsvermögen tragen zur Wertsteigerung bei – Ungleichheit bleibt auch im internationalen Vergleich hoch – Ostdeutsche nur halb so vermögend wie Westdeutsche
Die Deutschen werden reicher: Nachdem das Nettovermögen zwischen 2002 und 2012 nominal nur wenig gestiegen war, hat es in den Jahren ab 2012 wieder deutlich zugelegt. Die Bevölkerung ab 17 Jahren verfügte im Jahr 2017 durchschnittlich über 22 Prozent mehr als noch vor fünf Jahren: Waren es im Jahr 2012 noch knapp 85.000 Euro, stieg es bis 2017 auf knapp 103.000 Euro. Ostdeutsche liegen mit einem individuellen Nettovermögen von 55.000 Euro im Jahr 2017 weit unter diesem Schnitt.
Pressemitteilung der Projektgruppe Gemeinschaftsdiagnose: Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin), Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle, ifo Institut - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München in Kooperation mit der KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich, Institut für Weltwirtschaft Kiel (IfW Kiel), RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung in Kooperation mit dem Institut für Höhere Studien Wien
Die führenden deutschen Wirtschaftsforschungsinstitute haben ihre Konjunkturprognose für Deutschland deutlich nach unten korrigiert. Waren sie im Frühjahr noch von einer Zunahme des Bruttoinlandsprodukts von 0,8% im Jahr 2019 ausgegangen, erwarten sie nun nur noch 0,5%. Gründe für die schwache Entwicklung sind die nachlassende weltweite Nachfrage nach Investitionsgütern, auf deren Export die deutsche Wirtschaft spezialisiert ist, politische Unsicherheit und strukturelle Veränderungen in der Automobilindustrie. Die Finanzpolitik stützt hingegen die gesamtwirtschaftliche Expansion. Für das kommende Jahr senken die Konjunkturforscher ebenfalls ihre Prognose auf 1,1% nach noch 1,8% im Frühjahr.
Förderbanken sind in den letzten Jahren sowohl in Deutschland als auch in Europa immer wichtiger geworden. Über zehn Jahre nach Ausbruch der Großen Finanzkrise, bald zehn Jahre seit Beginn der Europäischen Staatsschuldenkrise und mitten in der gesellschaftlichen Diskussion um die notwendigen Investitionen zur Begrenzung des Klimawandels und zur Verbesserung von Infrastrukturen ist es notwendig, Rolle und Bedeutung der Förderbanken für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft sowie deren Zukunft eingehend zu beleuchten und wirtschaftspolitische Empfehlungen über die Gestaltung der Rolle von Förderbanken im Wirtschaftsleben herauszuarbeiten.
In diesen Vierteljahrsheften geht es um die ursprüngliche und möglicherweise in den letzten zehn Jahren gewandelte Rolle der Förderbanken, die ökonomischen und gesellschaftlichen Gründe für Förderbanken, die Nutzen dieses Banktyps, diverse Gestaltungsformen und ihre angemessene Regulierung. Zentrale Themen können u.a. sein:
HerausgeberInnen: Andreas Pfingsten und Dorothea Schäfer
On September 27th, IPI, together with the United States Institute of Peace and the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, cohosted a policy forum entitled “People Power and Preventing Violent Extremism: What is Working?”
In some of the most fragile states and communities around the globe, effective prevention of violent extremism is happening at the grass roots level. Local actors, and groups or organizations fill several important roles that counter the influence of violent groups, including: paving the way for nonviolent conflict transformation; providing space to strengthening practices that enable local communities have a stake in their own future; and delivering powerful positive psychological and social benefits associated with being part of a movement or peacebuilding effort.
Nonviolent action can provide an alternative method for people to address grievances while simultaneously strengthening community roots. The acts of nonviolent action can allow citizens to practice the methods of collective action that ultimately can lead to change, improvements in governance, and stronger social compacts. Building up a culture of dialogue between public actors and such grassroot actors is an additional central line of action.
Welcoming remarks
Mr. Terje Rød-Larsen, President, International Peace Institute
Ms. Nancy Lindborg, President, U.S. Institute of Peace
Opening remarks
Mr. Dominique Favre, Deputy Chief of Mission, Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations
Speakers
Mr. Abdul-Aziz Alhamza, Co-founder, Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently
Dr. Christian Pout, President, Centre Africain d’Etudes Internationales, Diplomatiques, Economiques et Stratégiques (CEIDES), Cameroon
Ms. Azaz Elshami, Sudanese-American Human Rights Advocate
Mr. Jesse Morton, Co-Founder, Parallel Networks (and former violent extremist)
Ms. Leanne Erdberg, Director, Countering Violent Extremism, and Interim Executive Director, RESOLVE Network, US Institute of Peace
Moderator
Mr. Jake Sherman, Director of the Brian Urquhart Center for Peace Operations, IPI
On September 27th, IPI, together with the Government of Sierra Leone, and Catalyst for Peace, cohosted a high-level policy forum entitled “An Agenda for the People by the People: Consolidating Peace and Advancing Development in Sierra Leone.” Sierra Leone has been at the forefront of localizing peace and development through a people-centered approach. The event highlighted the outcomes of this unique experience and how it can be translated in other contexts.
Over the past twelve years, the Sierra Leonean civil society organization Fambul Tok, its US-based funder and partner Catalyst for Peace, and the people of Sierra Leone have built an infrastructure that puts people and communities at the center of peace and development. This infrastructure is based on the People’s Planning Process (PPP), an inclusive organizing and planning process which after a successful pilot led to drafting a national policy framework, the Wan Fambul National Framework for Inclusive Governance and Local Development (WFNF).
Taken as a whole, the WFNF is an effective and evolving model of a whole- system partnership centered on local communities. The WFNF has been incorporated into Sierra Leone’s National Development Plan 2019–2023 as a priority. This flagship program aims to develop national capacity to engage villages, sections, chiefdoms, and districts through guardians from the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development and the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development.
This identified key dimensions of the WFNF that can help put into practice Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 5 (gender equality), 16 (peace, justice, and strong institutions), and 17 (partnerships) while supporting many of the other SDGs. 27
Welcoming Remarks:
Mr. Terje Rød-Larsen, IPI President
Opening Remarks:
Ms. Francess Piagie Alghali, Minister of State for the Office of the Vice President, Government of Sierra Leone
Speakers:
Dr. Francis M. Kai-Kai, Minister of Planning and Economic Development, Government of Sierra Leone
Mr. Mohamed Ibn Chambas, Special Representative of the Secretary-General
Mr. John Caulker, Executive Director of Fambul Tok International
Ms. Libby Hoffman, Founder and President of Catalyst for Peace
Moderator:
Ms. Jimena Leiva Roesch, IPI Senior Fellow
Closing Remarks:
Mr. Tamba Lamina, Minister of Local Government and Rural Development, Government of Sierra Leone
Foreign ministers from some 50 countries were welcomed by French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian and German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas on September 26th to the launch of the Alliance for Multilateralism, moderated by IPI President Terje Rød-Larsen. With nationalism and protectionism on the rise, this informal group of nations came together during United Nations General Assembly high-level week to boost international cooperation and sign commitments to multilateral initiatives on global issues such as digitalization, climate change, and respect for international humanitarian law.
Featured above are the foreign ministers of Canada, Ghana, Chile, France, Germany, Mexico, and Singapore with Mr. Rød-Larsen.
On September 26th, IPI hosted a policy forum on “The Importance of Multilateralism and Women’s Rights.”
Changes in the nature of conflict, national and global trends towards populism, shifting centers of power, and contestation of international normative frameworks have meant long-established norms regarding women’s rights are increasingly facing pushback. This is evident in venues from the Commission on the Status of Women to the UN Security Council, even as women’s rights defenders are under threat at the community level. These challenges are also occurring at a time when preparations are being made to mark the anniversaries of key international commitments to women’s rights in 2020, including the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995), and Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security (2000).
This discussion at IPI focused on these global challenges and offer an opportunity to openly discuss the possibilities for a way forward. Speakers drew upon their experience to discuss women’s rights amid the current geopolitical context, the deeply gendered nature of current threats to multilateralism, what these geopolitical trends mean for how the international community seeks to build peace, and how we can ground the multilateral system in respect for women’s rights and equal status.
Welcoming Remarks:
Mr. Adam Lupel, Vice President, International Peace Institute
Speakers:
H.E. Ms. Helen Clark, Former Prime Minister of New Zealand, Former Administrator of The United Nations Development Programme, and Co-Founder of The Group of Women Leaders for Change and Inclusion
H.E. Ms. Irina Bokova, Former Bulgarian Politician, and Former Director-General of UNESCO and Co-Founder of The Group of Women Leaders for Change and Inclusion
Moderator:
Dr. Sarah Taylor, Senior Fellow and Head of IPI’s Women, Peace, and Security Program
On September 26th, IPI, together the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, cohosted the thirteenth annual Trygve Lie Symposium on “Human Rights and the 2030 Agenda.”
Leaving no one behind is a core principle of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which all member states committed to in 2015. One path to achieving this principle is through rule of law and strong and inclusive political institutions that respect the norms and values enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the subsequent human rights instruments developed by the international community.
This year’s Trygve Lie Symposium brought together high-level government and UN officials, experts, and civil society representatives to discuss and address how the international community can promote and ensure the incorporation of human rights frameworks into the sustainability agenda. Presentations reflected on why having strong and inclusive political institutions that respect human rights is necessary for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) enshrined in the 2030 Agenda
Welcoming remarks:
The Honorable Kevin Rudd, former Prime Minister of Australia and the Chair of IPI’s Board of Directors
Opening Remarks and Moderator:
H.E. Ms. Ine Eriksen Søreide, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Norway
Speakers:
H.E. Ms. Shirley Ayorkor Botchway, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ghana
H.E. Ms. Michelle Bachelet, High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations
H.E. Dr. Kevin Casas-Zamora, Secretary-General, International IDEA
Mr. Achim Steiner, Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme
Mr. Maina Kiai, Former United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association
Das Konjunkturbarometer des Deutschen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin) verharrt im September bei 89 Punkten. Damit signalisiert es für das dritte Quartal weiterhin eine um 0,2 Prozent schrumpfende Wirtschaftsleistung im Vergleich zu den vorangegangenen drei Monaten. Der Abwärtstrend in der Industrie setzt sich zunächst fort: Bis zuletzt hat sich die Stimmung der Unternehmen eingetrübt, die Zahl der Neuaufträge ist mittlerweile jedoch stabiler als noch zuletzt. Unter dem Strich wird die Wertschöpfung im verarbeitenden Gewerbe aber auch im dritten Quartal zurückgehen.
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On September 25th, 2019, the governments of Finland, Indonesia, Rwanda, and Uruguay, and IPI co-organized the seventh annual ministerial dinner on United Nations peace operations on the sidelines of the 74th annual UN General Assembly debate. The dinner was attended by foreign ministers and high-level delegates from capitals representing member states; the UN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, the Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support, and the AU Commissioner for Peace and Security were also in attendance.
This year’s high-level dialogue focused on strengthening partnership between the UN, regional organizations, and sub-regional organizations. Partnerships between the UN and regional arrangements, including the African Union, European Union, and regional economic communities, have become an important means of addressing complex peace and security challenges. In the Central African Republic, Mali, Somalia, and elsewhere, responsibility for peacemaking and peacekeeping is shared among multiple entities. Regional and sub-regional organizations often act as first responders in a crisis, drawing on political relationships, contextual understanding, and a willingness to act that complement the role of the UN. At other times, these same strengths present risks to effective engagement. As part of the Secretary-General’s Action for Peacekeeping initiative, member states and multilateral organizations, including the AU and the EU, committed to “enhance collaboration and planning between the UN and relevant international, regional, and sub-regional organizations and arrangements… while recognizing the need for a clear delineation of roles between respective operations.”
Participants examined contemporary dynamics of various partnerships in peace operations, including peacekeeping operations as well as broader conflict management efforts. While the discussions focused on the UN and its partnerships with the AU and the EU, participants noted with encouragement the growing space for other multilateral organizations—such as the League of Arab States (LAS), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Organization of American States (OAS), and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), among others—to strengthen their contributions.
The partnership between the UN and the AU on peace and security received particular attention during the discussion. Participants highlighted the informal division of labor that has emerged between AU-led peace support operations and UN peacekeeping operations: the AU is often better positioned to serve as a first responder and intervene immediately in crisis situations, while the UN can undertake longer-term engagement on stabilization activities (e.g., demobilization, disarmament, and reintegration, electoral support, and rule of law) in environments backed by political processes. Discussions also reflected on the significant growth in the partnership’s political and operational dimensions over recent years. In this light, participants emphasized how more structured policies and more frequent consultations have helped the organizations align their understandings and more quickly work towards collective responses. Participants also recognized the urgency of ensuring predictable and sustainable financing for AU-led peace support operations, and how continued shortfalls in this regard inhibit the effectiveness and capabilities of peace operations that undertake work that the UN is unable to perform.
Participants underscored the centrality of partnerships for the future of peace operations. They universally agreed on the importance of leveraging complementarity in different contexts, and that collective action was essential at a time of broader challenges to multilateralism. While participants acknowledged areas for additional progress at both the political and operational levels, they were nonetheless encouraged by the pace at which partnerships had grown and the significant opportunities to build on this momentum moving forward. As one participant aptly summarized, “Whatever works for peace is good. It doesn’t matter who leads, partnerships are all about flexibility in reaching a collective goal.”
Die Klimaziele können nur mit einem Wechsel hin zu neuen Technologien und Praktiken für die Produktion und Nutzung von Grundstoffen, wie Zement, Stahl und Chemikalien, erreicht werden. Die Produktion solcher Grundstoffe macht nämlich rund 16 Prozent der europäischen und 25 Prozent der weltweiten Treibhausgasemissionen aus. Der moderate CO2-Preis im europäischen Emissionshandel (EU-ETS) und die unsichere Preisentwicklung bieten jedoch nicht genügend Anreize für Investitionen in und den Einsatz von innovativen klimafreundlichen Optionen. Hierfür sind neue Politikinstrumente notwendig. Projekt-basierte CO2-Differenzverträge sind, in Kombination mit einem Klimapfand, besonders geeignet: Sie senken die Finanzierungskosten von klimafreundlichen Investitionen, setzen die richtigen Anreize für Emissionsminderungen und wären ein klares Signal des Engagements der Regierungen für langfristige politische Ziele.
On September 25th, IPI, together with the Danish Institute for International Studies, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, cohosted a high-level panel discussion on the topic of Committed to Collective Action: Multilateral Engagement for Peace and Security by Small and Medium States.
Even as global and regional power balances are changing and longstanding anchors of the international rules-based order are turning away from multilateral engagement, support for international cooperation remains high among most member states. The rising tides of nationalism, protectionism, and xenophobia undermine collective action, yet the erosion of the rules-based order has also spurred renewed commitment to the multilateral system and a growing sense of shared responsibility among those states that are most at risk when only the powerful decide what is right.
Looking forward, how can small and medium states work together even more closely to address serious issues that defy national borders, to reinforce effective modes of cooperation, and to advance common goals of peace and security? What are the multilateral mechanisms best suited to address traditional and emerging international peace and security challenges? How can small and medium states cooperate to strengthen these mechanisms? How do these mechanisms promote shared interests and reaffirm sovereignty?
Opening remarks:
Mr. Terje Rød-Larsen, President, International Peace Institute
Dr. Louise Riis Andersen, Senior Researcher, Foreign Policy, Danish Institute for International Studies.
Speakers:
H.E. Mr. Jeppe Kofod, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Denmark
H.E. Mr. Urmas Reinsalu, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Estonia
H.E. Mr. Ayman Al Safadi, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jordan
Moderator:
The Honorable Kevin Rudd, 26th Prime Minister of Australia; President, Asia Society Policy Institute; and Chairman, IPI Board of Directors
On September 25th, IPI together with the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, cohosted the first annual Women, Peace, and Leadership Symposium, a High-Level Forum on Advancing Women’s Roles and Rights amid Global Challenges.
For decades, governments, civil society, and the United Nations have recognized that women’s leadership and women’s status are inextricably linked with conflict prevention and conflict resolution. Indeed, women’s roles and rights can be seen as a litmus test of a community’s resilience. The women, peace, and security (WPS) agenda has been institutionalized internationally, regionally, and nationally. More than 70 countries have national actions plans on WPS (NAPs), and numerous countries have WPS envoys and ambassadors at the national level. The African Union, NATO, and UN all have special representatives or special envoys on various aspects of the WPS agenda. New regional networks of women mediators are being established with the goal of increasing women’s meaningful engagement in peace processes. The UN Security Council has, to date, adopted nine dedicated resolutions on WPS and has established an Informal Expert Group to receive timely information on WPS and analysis of individual conflict situations.
Yet despite these commitments, by many indicators the status of women’s roles and rights globally are under threat. In conflict resolution processes, mediators and negotiators are rarely women, and women’s rights are insufficiently reflected in agreements. In the multilateral system itself, women’s rights are increasingly the focus of debate in venues from the Commission on the Status of Women to the UN Security Council.
The inaugural Women, Peace, and Leadership Symposium at IPI focused on these challenges, given the upcoming 20th anniversary of Resolution 1325 (2000), the UN Security Council’s original resolution on women, peace, and security. Speakers drew upon the experience of their countries and institutions to lay out an ambitious agenda for this anniversary, including how to build long-term institutional support for women’s rights and roles in all efforts to build peace.
Welcoming Remarks:
Mr. Terje Rød-Larsen, President, International Peace Institute
Speakers:
H.E. Ms. Ann Linde, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Sweden
H.E. Dr. Grace Naledi Pandor, Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, South Africa
H.E. Mrs. Asmaa Abdalla, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Republic of the Sudan
H.E. Ms. Rosemary DiCarlo, Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, United Nations
Ms. Kaavya Asoka, Executive Director, NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security
Moderator:
Dr. Adam Lupel, Vice President, International Peace Institute
Studie auf Basis von Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) zeigt Zusammenhang von Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Studienentscheidungen – Zielgenauere Informationsangebote könnten Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten Entscheidung über weiteren Bildungsweg erleichtern
Ob sich Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten für ein Studium entscheiden und wenn ja, welches Fach sie dann studieren, hängt nicht nur mit Merkmalen wie dem familiären Hintergrund zusammen, sondern auch mit Persönlichkeitseigenschaften. Das zeigt eine Studie des Deutschen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin) auf Basis von Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS). Demnach beeinflussen die Gewissenhaftigkeit und Offenheit einer Person deren Studienabsicht sowie Studienaufnahme und sind darüber hinaus auch bedeutend für die Studienfachwahl. Je offener eine Abiturientin oder ein Abiturient beispielsweise ist, desto wahrscheinlicher studiert sie oder er eine geisteswissenschaftliche Fachrichtung. Sind sie eher kommunikativ, entscheiden sie sich häufiger für Rechts-, Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften und seltener für MINT-Fächer, also Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik.