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Depuis la découverte de ses manuscrits en arabe où il raconte sa vie et son origine, des chercheurs américains et sénégalais se sont lancés à la recherche de ses origines. Un groupe de chercheurs sénégalais pense avoir identifié enfin le village en question au cœur du Fouta, au nord du Sénégal.

L'Allemagne s'est engagée à disposer d'une force de frappe d'environ 260 000 soldats d'ici 2035.

The post Le parlement allemand propose un nouveau projet de service militaire appeared first on Euractiv FR.

WARSAW, 17 November 2025 – To ensure an effective response to hate crime and meaningful access to justice for victims, there is an ever more urgent need to develop systematic and long-term training programmes for police and prosecutors across the OSCE region that also involve targeted communities, the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) said today on launching its annual hate crime report on the occasion of the International Day for Tolerance.

“Hate crime has a devastating effect not just on individual victims, but on entire communities. Training is at the heart of an effective hate crime response,” said ODIHR Director Maria Telalian. “Every police officer, prosecutor and judge needs the tools and skills to recognize hate crimes, protect victims, and bring perpetrators to justice. ODIHR has seen first-hand how training can positively transform the criminal justice response to hate crime and repair the harm suffered by victims and their communities.”

While many OSCE states have established national training programmes, including comprehensive hate crime training initiatives for law enforcement, many still fail to provide even foundational training for prosecutors or judges. In particular, this year’s hate crime report finds that national initiatives too often remain ad hoc in nature and limited in reach. Embedding hate crime training into police academies and judicial schools and maintaining levels of knowledge through refresher courses is essential to ensuring long-term impact.

For the last 20 years, ODIHR has addressed these challenges by delivering its hate crime training programmes to approximately 700 national police trainers and more than 200 national prosecutor trainers across the OSCE region. To ensure the broadest reach of its hate crime training programmes, the Office will soon publish the full package of adaptable, interactive and hands-on training materials on its website.

ODIHR’s experience shows how the impact of training programmes is deepened when the communities affected by hate crime are engaged in developing and delivering the training. When police and prosecutors listen to and work with targeted groups, it strengthens trust, encourages victims to report, and improves co-operation – all key to effectively investigating and prosecuting hate crimes.

The Office’s dedicated hate crime website is updated each year with data and information provided by states, civil society and international organizations. More information and resources to support states and civil society in addressing hate crime are available here.

ENTWURF EINER STELLUNGNAHME zu der Entlastung für die Ausführung des Haushaltsplans der Europäischen Union für das Haushaltsjahr 2024 – Kommission
Ausschuss für auswärtige Angelegenheiten
Evin Incir

Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2025 - EP

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

L'arrêt de la CJUE stipule que seuls les spiritueux répondant à la définition légale peuvent être vendus sous le nom de « gin ».

The post Pas de gin sans alcool, statue la Cour de justice de l’UE  appeared first on Euractiv FR.

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

601482 Munira Shoinbekova, OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe

On the occasion of the professional day of the militia in Tajikistan, the OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe organized an official ceremony on 11 November 2025 to hand over 25 sets of desktop computers, printers, and Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) to the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) National Co-ordinator on Police Reform.

The donated ICT equipment will strengthen the work of the Public Councils on ensuring public order, operating under the regional and district departments of the MIA. The equipment will help enhance planning and reporting on the activities of the Public Councils, conducted in close co-operation with territorial police inspectors, thereby contributing to improved public order and community safety.

In his remarks, Major General Safiallo Azizullozoda, MIA National Co-ordinator on Police Reform, said: “The OSCE and its Office in Dushanbe consistently strive to support the Ministry in its efforts to advance the police reform process in Tajikistan. Today’s donation of ICT equipment underscores our mutual commitment to promoting community policing principles through Public Councils. Our co-operation in this area will continue.” 

This activity is part of the OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe’s continued support to the Ministry of Internal Affairs in advancing police reform and promoting community policing in Tajikistan.

Despite the potential of renewable hydrogen to galvanize economies and climate action, governments and development banks often lack a coherent framework to assess and approve hydrogen projects on sustainability grounds. Decision-making processes regarding land allocation, permitting and infrastructure access remain fragmented, increasing the risof extractive investment models that provide limited local benefits while causing environmental harm. Transparent, universally accepted sustainability guidelines can help decision makers select project partners that align with their respective priorities and objectives, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Moreover, such a framework can enhance investor confidence and public trust by ensuring that hydrogen projects deliver tangible socioeconomic benefits to host communities. Recognizing this need, a broad coalition of stakeholders has collaborate to develop the Guidelines for Sustainable Hydrogen Projects, integrating expertise from multiple disciplines to create a flexible yet comprehensive decision-making tool. The Guidelines serve as a reference for governments, development banks and other stakeholders in evaluating hydrogen project proposals. Rather than prescribing rigid requirements, they provide a non-exhaustive set of criteria that can be adapted to local contexts. The Guidelines emphasize maximizing domestic value creation while safeguarding environmental and social standards. Applicable to large-scale projects with a minimum capacity of 200 megawatts (MW) - including renewable electricity generation, water desalination, electrolysis, and related infrastructure - they help ensure that hydrogen investments contribute to long-term sustainable development. By aligning with the SDGs, they promote inclusive economic growth, responsible resource management and climate action.

Despite the potential of renewable hydrogen to galvanize economies and climate action, governments and development banks often lack a coherent framework to assess and approve hydrogen projects on sustainability grounds. Decision-making processes regarding land allocation, permitting and infrastructure access remain fragmented, increasing the risof extractive investment models that provide limited local benefits while causing environmental harm. Transparent, universally accepted sustainability guidelines can help decision makers select project partners that align with their respective priorities and objectives, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Moreover, such a framework can enhance investor confidence and public trust by ensuring that hydrogen projects deliver tangible socioeconomic benefits to host communities. Recognizing this need, a broad coalition of stakeholders has collaborate to develop the Guidelines for Sustainable Hydrogen Projects, integrating expertise from multiple disciplines to create a flexible yet comprehensive decision-making tool. The Guidelines serve as a reference for governments, development banks and other stakeholders in evaluating hydrogen project proposals. Rather than prescribing rigid requirements, they provide a non-exhaustive set of criteria that can be adapted to local contexts. The Guidelines emphasize maximizing domestic value creation while safeguarding environmental and social standards. Applicable to large-scale projects with a minimum capacity of 200 megawatts (MW) - including renewable electricity generation, water desalination, electrolysis, and related infrastructure - they help ensure that hydrogen investments contribute to long-term sustainable development. By aligning with the SDGs, they promote inclusive economic growth, responsible resource management and climate action.

Despite the potential of renewable hydrogen to galvanize economies and climate action, governments and development banks often lack a coherent framework to assess and approve hydrogen projects on sustainability grounds. Decision-making processes regarding land allocation, permitting and infrastructure access remain fragmented, increasing the risof extractive investment models that provide limited local benefits while causing environmental harm. Transparent, universally accepted sustainability guidelines can help decision makers select project partners that align with their respective priorities and objectives, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Moreover, such a framework can enhance investor confidence and public trust by ensuring that hydrogen projects deliver tangible socioeconomic benefits to host communities. Recognizing this need, a broad coalition of stakeholders has collaborate to develop the Guidelines for Sustainable Hydrogen Projects, integrating expertise from multiple disciplines to create a flexible yet comprehensive decision-making tool. The Guidelines serve as a reference for governments, development banks and other stakeholders in evaluating hydrogen project proposals. Rather than prescribing rigid requirements, they provide a non-exhaustive set of criteria that can be adapted to local contexts. The Guidelines emphasize maximizing domestic value creation while safeguarding environmental and social standards. Applicable to large-scale projects with a minimum capacity of 200 megawatts (MW) - including renewable electricity generation, water desalination, electrolysis, and related infrastructure - they help ensure that hydrogen investments contribute to long-term sustainable development. By aligning with the SDGs, they promote inclusive economic growth, responsible resource management and climate action.

Technological change, an overwhelming fact in recent socioeconomic history, involves, as Joseph A. Schumpeter famously put it, “creative destruction” on a large scale: it gives rise to new goods, production methods, firms, organisations, and jobs, while rendering some received ones obsolete. Its impact extends beyond the economy and affects society, culture, politics, and the mind-set of people. While it allows solving certain problems, it causes new ones, inducing further technological change. Against this background, the paper attempts to provide a detailed, yet concise exploration of the historical evolution and measurement of technological change in economics. It touches upon various questions that have been raised since Adam Smith and by economic and social theorists after him until today living through several waves of new technologies. These questions include: (1) Which concepts and theories did the leading authors elaborate to describe and analyse the various forms of technological progress they observed? (2) Did they think that different forms of technological progress requested the elaboration of different concepts and theories – horses for courses, so to speak? (3) How do different forms of technological progress affect and are shaped by various strata and classes of society? Issues such as these have become particularly crucial in the context of the digitisation of the economy and the widespread use of AI. Finally, the paper explores the impact of emerging technologies on the established theoretical frameworks and empirical measurements of technological change, points to new measurements linked to the rise of these technologies, and evaluates their pros and cons vis-à-vis traditional approaches.

Technological change, an overwhelming fact in recent socioeconomic history, involves, as Joseph A. Schumpeter famously put it, “creative destruction” on a large scale: it gives rise to new goods, production methods, firms, organisations, and jobs, while rendering some received ones obsolete. Its impact extends beyond the economy and affects society, culture, politics, and the mind-set of people. While it allows solving certain problems, it causes new ones, inducing further technological change. Against this background, the paper attempts to provide a detailed, yet concise exploration of the historical evolution and measurement of technological change in economics. It touches upon various questions that have been raised since Adam Smith and by economic and social theorists after him until today living through several waves of new technologies. These questions include: (1) Which concepts and theories did the leading authors elaborate to describe and analyse the various forms of technological progress they observed? (2) Did they think that different forms of technological progress requested the elaboration of different concepts and theories – horses for courses, so to speak? (3) How do different forms of technological progress affect and are shaped by various strata and classes of society? Issues such as these have become particularly crucial in the context of the digitisation of the economy and the widespread use of AI. Finally, the paper explores the impact of emerging technologies on the established theoretical frameworks and empirical measurements of technological change, points to new measurements linked to the rise of these technologies, and evaluates their pros and cons vis-à-vis traditional approaches.

Technological change, an overwhelming fact in recent socioeconomic history, involves, as Joseph A. Schumpeter famously put it, “creative destruction” on a large scale: it gives rise to new goods, production methods, firms, organisations, and jobs, while rendering some received ones obsolete. Its impact extends beyond the economy and affects society, culture, politics, and the mind-set of people. While it allows solving certain problems, it causes new ones, inducing further technological change. Against this background, the paper attempts to provide a detailed, yet concise exploration of the historical evolution and measurement of technological change in economics. It touches upon various questions that have been raised since Adam Smith and by economic and social theorists after him until today living through several waves of new technologies. These questions include: (1) Which concepts and theories did the leading authors elaborate to describe and analyse the various forms of technological progress they observed? (2) Did they think that different forms of technological progress requested the elaboration of different concepts and theories – horses for courses, so to speak? (3) How do different forms of technological progress affect and are shaped by various strata and classes of society? Issues such as these have become particularly crucial in the context of the digitisation of the economy and the widespread use of AI. Finally, the paper explores the impact of emerging technologies on the established theoretical frameworks and empirical measurements of technological change, points to new measurements linked to the rise of these technologies, and evaluates their pros and cons vis-à-vis traditional approaches.

Jövőre több mint 460 milliárd forintot biztosít a kormány kutatásra és innovációra, ebből 120 milliárd forintot biztosít a magyar egyetemi kutatások, és azok piaci hasznosításának ösztönzésére a pénteken elfogadott Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovációs Alap 2026. programstratégiája alapján - jelentette be Hankó Balázs kultúráért és innovációért felelős miniszter sajtótájékoztatón Budapesten.

‘Down under’ isn’t that far away from trouble.