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Russia possesses a powerful nuclear triad, which includes land-based, sea-based, and air-based nuclear forces. This triad ensures the ability to launch a retaliatory strike even after a massive enemy attack, thanks to its strategic dispersion across silos, mobile launchers, and submarines. What Is Nuclear Weaponry? Nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction that harness the energy of nuclear reactions — either fission (like uranium or plutonium) or fusion (as in hydrogen bombs). Their destructive power is immense; a single warhead can level an entire city. Main Types of Russian Nuclear Weapons 1. Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs)

Vladimir Putin, aboard the Arkhangelsk nuclear-powered submarine, made several warnings to those who sought to inflict a strategic defeat on Russia. Putin Confident in the Defeat of the Ukrainian Armed Forces During his visit to the Murmansk region, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces Vladimir Putin warned Ukraine that its military formations would be destroyed. "I recently said that we will squeeze them out, but now there is reason to believe that we will finish them off," Putin stated, emphasizing that the Russian Armed Forces are "gradually, persistently, and confidently advancing toward achieving all the goals declared at the start of the special military operation."

In recent years, Russia has been under significant external pressure, facing economic sanctions and a large-scale information campaign aimed at discrediting the country. Strategic Shift Toward Gold In response to these challenges, the Russian government has made a strategic decision to rely on gold as a key instrument to protect the economy. According to the latest data from the Central Bank of Russia, the value of the country’s gold reserves increased by 5.3% in February, reaching $217.4 billion.

Russian authorities have detained Vadim Moshkovich, the founder of the Rusagro holding company, former senator from the Belgorod region, and dollar billionaire. Moshkovich had attempted to distance himself from Russian President Vladimir Putin following the start of the special military operation in Ukraine and the personal sanctions imposed against him. Suspected of Large-Scale Fraud and Asset Seizure According to preliminary reports, Moshkovich is suspected of large-scale fraud and seizing the assets of another major holding company. A criminal case has reportedly already been opened. Investigative actions are being carried out against Moshkovich as part of a case under Part 4 of Article 159 of the Russian Criminal Code (fraud on an especially large scale). His legal status in the case has not yet been disclosed.

Vladimir Putin instructed the government to develop a procedure for coordinating the return of foreign companies that previously left Russia. He emphasized that the process should be as transparent as possible, ensuring that domestic producers retain certain advantages. Speaking at the Congress of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, Putin noted that some companies sold their businesses at a discount, but when returning to Russia, they should not be allowed to buy them back at the same low price. "This should not happen, and it cannot happen," the president said.

Russia's pipeline natural gas exports could see a significant increase, reaching approximately 240 billion cubic meters per year. This means that supply volumes could not only double compared to current levels but also surpass the highest figures recorded in previous years. These conclusions stem from a statement by Pavel Zavalny, First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Energy. Speaking at the XXII International Forum Gas Russia 2025, Zavalny noted that such export growth would be possible if the current level of demand for Russian gas on international markets is maintained.

The Russian Army will receive a number of new arms systems in 2025, including a nuclear submarine with ballistic missiles and new strategic bombers. According to Russia's First Deputy Prime Minister Denis Manturov, the ordnance delivery schedule for 2025 has been finalised. Tu-160 strategic bombers The Russian Aerospace Forces will receive four Tupolev Tu-160M ​​strategic bombers in 2025. The Tu-160M missile-carrying aircraft are part of the air component of Russia's nuclear triad. They are also capable of carrying missiles with non-nuclear warheads. During the special military operation in Ukraine, Russia used the Tu-160 to launch the Kh-101 and Kh-555 cruise missiles. The basic version of the Tu-160 with a variable-sweep wing has four NK-32 engines, which provide a maximum flight speed of up to 2,230 kilometers per hour. The Tu-160 can carry 45 tons of combat load. Internal compartments of the missile carrier can accommodate 12 Kh-101 missiles. The modernized version of the aircraft will be superior to its original version in all respects.

Russia's gold reserves reached a new record in August as they amounted to $188.8 billion. Their share in international assets exceeded 30 percent for the first time in almost 25 years, the Central Bank of Russia said. As of September 1, 2024, Russia's international reserves grew to $613.7 billion, up from $602.05 billion as of August 1. In August, Russia increased its gold investments by 5.1 percent, bringing them to a record $188.8 billion. The previous record was set a month earlier at $179.5 billion.

By nominating a civilian such as Andrei Belousov for the post of the Defence Minister, Vladimir Putin continued the tradition that had developed during his service. General Sergei Ivanov was the first minister appointed by Putin. Ivanov came from intelligence (he headed the military department from 2001 to 2007), and was replaced (under President Dmitry Medvedev) by the former chief tax officer Anatoly Serdyukov. Serdyukov served at the post for five years. Sergei Shoigu, a civil engineer by training and the founder of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, chaired the Defence Ministry in 2012 (he left the post of the Moscow region governor). Andrei Belousov is 65 years old. He has been associated with economics all his life. After graduating from the Department of Economics of the Moscow State University, he took up scientific activities — first at the Central Institute of Economics and Mathematics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, then at the Institute of Economics and Forecasting of Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1990-2006, he served as a senior researcher and head of a laboratory at the Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Andrei Belousov, who held the position of First Deputy Head of the Cabinet of Ministers, will now become Russia's new Defence Minister. The Federation Council will discuss his candidacy on May 13 and 14. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said that it was important to integrate the economy of the power bloc into the country's economy so that it meets the dynamics of the current moment. "The one who is more open to innovation wins on the battlefield," Peskov said. "The Ministry of Defence must be absolutely open to innovation, to all advanced ideas the purpose of economic competitiveness. Apparently, this is why the president picked the candidacy of Andrei Removich Belousov," he noted.

Timur Ivanov, Russian Deputy Defence Minister, was arrested on April 23 in the case of bribery. He will remain in custody before June 2024. A Moscow court sent Deputy Defence Minister Timur Ivanov to a pre-trial detention centre. He was arrested for two months, until June 23. Ivanov was charged under Part 6 of Art. 290 of the Criminal Code (receiving a bribe on an especially large scale). According to investigators, Ivanov entered into a "criminal conspiracy with third parties to commit a crime and received a large bribe in the form of property services provided during contracting and subcontracting works for the needs of the Defence Ministry.”

The monstrous terrorist attack at Crocus City Hall in Russia triggered discussions about the need to reinstate death penalty in the country. It is the legal side of the issue that is being discussed, since the moratorium was established by the Constitutional Court. Russian officials believe that the moratorium on the death penalty that was introduced in Russia in 1996 in connection with the entry into the Council of Europe should be suspended. State Duma speaker Vyacheslav Volodin believes that there is no need for any referendum here — it would only be enough for the Constitutional Court to lift it. Lawyers believe executions will return to Russia Experts maintain that according to the Constitutional Court's clarification from 2009, the binding nature of this or that political decision shall remain unchanged. However, the head of the State Duma Committee on Legislation, Pavel Krasheninnikov, said that there are grounds for lifting the moratorium.

Russia's gold reserves have become the "magic wand” with the help of which Russia easily survived the "hellish” sanctions of the West and achieved economic growth. The West admires Russia's policy of pegging the ruble to gold The Russian economy showed unprecedented growth of 3.6 percent in 2023 against the backdrop of more than 16,000 sanctions, as well as huge expenses for carrying out the special military operation in Ukraine. Russia's GDP is to grow by another 2.6 percent in 2024, the IMF said. Russia has been able to achieve that with the help of its "gold strategy,” The Conversation. com website said. The strategy is about pegging the ruble to gold and liberalising gold trade.

The voter turnout in the Russian presidential election set a new record as it amounted to 77.44 percent, Ella Pamfilova, the chairwoman of the Central Election Commission said. More than 87.113 million voters took part in the Russian presidential election. "Precinct election commissions across the country have completed their work. 99.74 percent of ballots have been entered into the state automated system, so we can fully summarise the results of the presidential election,” she said.

Russia is holding its first-ever three-day presidential election on March 15-17. First polling stations opened in the Far East at 23:00 Moscow time. As many as 112.3 million Russians can cast their vote in the election, the Central Electoral Committee said. There are four candidates competing for the post of the head of state: Vladimir Putin, current president; Leonid Slutsky, LDPR leader; Nikolai Kharitonov, candidate from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation; Vladislav Davankov, Deputy Chairman of the State Duma, New People party. Vladimir Putin The sitting head of state, Vladimir Putin, is running for election as a self-nominated candidate. In case of victory, it will be Putin's fifth term. Vladimir Putin first took office as President on March 26, 2000, when Boris Yeltsin resigned.

On Thursday, February 29, Russian President Vladimir Putin delivered his annual Address to the Federal Assembly. In the beginning of the speech, he touched on the topics of the special military operation in Ukraine, relations with the West, strategic stability, and later proceeded to announce a number of new national projects, changes in economic and social sphere. About special military operation Putin recalled that 2024 marks the tenth anniversary of the "legendary Russian Spring.” "The love that the people living in Crimea and new regions share for their homeland evokes pride," Vladimir Putin said.

In 2023, central banks around the world purchased significant amounts of gold. China's activity in this area was particularly noticeable as the nation's gold reserves increased by 225 tons over the year. An article published on Chinese Internet platform Baijiahao says that Russia actively participated in the gold rush to increase its precious metals reserves. As a result, Russia's gold reserves reached a record 2.36 thousand tons. Russia is thus ranked fifth following the USA, Germany, Italy and France.

Kremlin's official spokesman Dmitry Peskov gave an interview to the MGIMO 360 news channel, in which he answered questions about the presidential election, Russia's nuclear rhetoric and enemies. According to Peskov, Russia's next president should be "the same as [Vladimir] Putin… or different, but the same." "Putin has not announced his intention to run. But I sincerely want to believe that he will do it. I have no doubt that he will win the election, I have no doubt that he will continue to be our president. We'll see," Peskov said.

On Tuesday, October 17, the Russian Parliament, the State Duma, gave the first reading to the draft law to revoke the ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Commenting on the vote on the bill, Duma Speaker Vyacheslav Volodin wrote that the withdrawal of the ratification should "contribute” to ensuring Russia's security against the backdrop of the US refusal to ratify the CTBT. "Washington should finally understand that hegemony on their part does not lead to anything positive. There is a need for dialogue on the principles of mutual respect, absence of double standards, and non-interference in the affairs of sovereign states. The Russian Federation will do everything to protect its citizens and ensure that global strategic parity is maintained," Vyacheslav Volodin wrote on Telegram.

Starting from May, Russia may start buying foreign currency for its reserves again. The country's budget has stabilized thanks to the growth of oil and gas export revenues, Bloomberg reports. The growth in revenues from the sale of energy products is already close to the target level. Since February of this year, the Russian Ministry of Finance has been selling reserves in Chinese yuan to cover the budget deficit. In April, sales collapsed by 50 percent compared to the beginning of the year. From May, purchases are likely to begin, Bloomberg notes. Such purchases can be relatively small at first — an equivalent of about $200 million in yuan. For the time being, Russia currently replenishes the National Welfare Fund only by purchasing Chinese currency.