European Union

New rules to curb the influx of pests, such as Xylella fastidiosa, caused by increased trade and climate change, stop them spreading and eradicate the most dangerous ones were informally agreed by MEPs and the Luxembourg Council Presidency on Wednesday. The provisional deal also introduces preventive measures for imported plants and fast-response mechanisms for high-risk ones.
Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

New rules to curb the influx of pests, such as Xylella fastidiosa, caused by increased trade and climate change, stop them spreading and eradicate the most dangerous ones were informally agreed by MEPs and the Luxembourg Council Presidency on Wednesday. The provisional deal also introduces preventive measures for imported plants and fast-response mechanisms for high-risk ones.
Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

As I have emphasized for many months, in fact from the very beginning of the migration crisis, there is no good alternative to border protection. And this is why I welcome with great satisfaction the European Commission's proposal of strengthening our external borders, because in fact border control is a conditio sine qua non of each and every migration policy. 

Border protection is and should be in the first place the domain of national states. This is why we have to analyse the most controversial idea of the European Border Guard entering the territory of sovereign states.

But Europe cannot remain vulnerable when Schengen states are not able to effectively protect their borders. If we reject the Commission's proposal, we will have to find another, but I'm afraid, an equally painful solution.

Also crucial is of course the UK issue. The consultations I have led with all Member States show good will of all the parties involved, but it doesn't change the fact that some parts of the British proposal seem unacceptable. However, if Prime Minister Cameron persuades leaders tonight that we can work together to find solutions regarding all four baskets, then we will have a real chance to strike a deal in February.

And finally, on EMU. Even if Europe is overwhelmed by the migration crisis today, we cannot afford to wait with the necessary reforms for better days. This summit should make clear whether Member States are ready to take difficult decisions on the Banking Union and economic governance.

Plenary sessions : The Commission's recent proposals for completing European Monetary Union (EMU) are insufficient to address the current shortcomings in the institutional framework of the euro area. More parliamentary oversight and public debate is needed to ensure democratic accountability and get citizens on board, Parliament says in a resolution adopted on Thursday.

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

Plenary sessions : The Commission's recent proposals for completing European Monetary Union (EMU) are insufficient to address the current shortcomings in the institutional framework of the euro area. More parliamentary oversight and public debate is needed to ensure democratic accountability and get citizens on board, Parliament says in a resolution adopted on Thursday.

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

New EU data protection legislation, informally agreed on Tuesday and backed by Civil Liberties MEPs on Thursday morning, will create a uniform set of rules across the EU fit for the digital era. It should also improve legal certainty and boost trust in the digital single market for citizens and businesses alike. Clear and affirmative consent to data processing, the right to be forgotten and strong fines for firms breaking the rules are some of the new features.
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

New EU data protection legislation, informally agreed on Tuesday and backed by Civil Liberties MEPs on Thursday morning, will create a uniform set of rules across the EU fit for the digital era. It should also improve legal certainty and boost trust in the digital single market for citizens and businesses alike. Clear and affirmative consent to data processing, the right to be forgotten and strong fines for firms breaking the rules are some of the new features.
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

Plenary sessions : Parliament calls for the immediate release of an Irish citizen, Ibrahim Halawa, detained in Egypt, the release of all political prisoners in Maldives, and the withdrawal of the anti-sodomy law in Malaysia, in three resolutions passed on Thursday.

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

Plenary sessions : Parliament calls for the immediate release of an Irish citizen, Ibrahim Halawa, detained in Egypt, the release of all political prisoners in Maldives, and the withdrawal of the anti-sodomy law in Malaysia, in three resolutions passed on Thursday.

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

Plenary sessions : Parliament decided to set up a 45 member inquiry committee to investigate breaches of EU rules on car emission tests and alleged failures by EU member states and the European Commission to enforce EU standards. The committee will present an interim report within 6 months, and a final report within 12 months, of starting its work.

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

Plenary sessions : Parliament decided to set up a 45 member inquiry committee to investigate breaches of EU rules on car emission tests and alleged failures by EU member states and the European Commission to enforce EU standards. The committee will present an interim report within 6 months, and a final report within 12 months, of starting its work.

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

In order to tackle the unprecedented flows of refugees in 2015, the EU has set out a comprehensive strategy and is fully engaged in solving the most pressing issues. On the basis of the strategic orientations set out by the European Council and by the Council, the Presidency has assigned itself four priorities:

(a)    Providing assistance to those in need: humanitarian situation, civil protection, etc.
(b)   Stemming the migration flows: cooperating with third countries, prevent/deter, actions against smugglers, targeted communication, etc.
(c)    Strengthening the capacity at entry: hotspots, entry points, registration, security, border cooperation, etc.
(d)   Managing the flows within internal borders: processing including screening, security checks, reception, asylum, relocation, return, etc.

The Presidency has held numerous meetings and consultations, conducted field visits and activated the Integrated Political Crisis Response (IPCR) for the first time ever (cf. annex). Member States, the Commission, the EEAS and relevant EU agencies have been fully mobilised to support the Council in taking decisions on actions to meet the needs of arriving refugees and migrants, including the 1.2 million asylum seekers that have arrived since January 2015 (+ 90% than in 2014) in the EU. Implementation has been advancing rapidly in some areas, but significant gaps still remain.

At its constitutive meeting in Strasbourg on Thursday, members of the Special Committee on Tax Rulings - which will continue to function for 6 more months under a new mandate - have re-elected Alain Lamassoure (EPP, FR) as their chairman by acclamation.
Special Committee on Tax Rulings and Other Measures Similar in Nature or Effect (TAXE 2)

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

At its constitutive meeting in Strasbourg on Thursday, members of the Special Committee on Tax Rulings - which will continue to function for 6 more months under a new mandate - have re-elected Alain Lamassoure (EPP, FR) as their chairman by acclamation.
Special Committee on Tax Rulings and Other Measures Similar in Nature or Effect (TAXE 2)

Source : © European Union, 2015 - EP

Neptune Distribution
Approximation of laws
The sodium content of natural mineral waters must be calculated on the basis not only of sodium chloride but also of sodium bicarbonate

WebMindLicenses
DFON
The transfer of know-how enabling operation of the erotic site livejasmin.com from Hungary to Madeira where a lower rate of VAT applies does not amount, in itself, to an abusive practice

The deal on climate change, concluded on December 2015 in the UN Climate Conference in Paris, can justifiably be described as a game-changer or, in U.S. President Barack Obama’s words, humanity’s “best chance to save the planet”.

195 countries – including the U.S. and China which account for 35% of greenhouse emissions – managed, thanks to the competent and determined leadership of the hosting country’s Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius, to set a limit to the increase of global temperature since the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries at 2 degrees Celsius and pursue the effort so as to lower it to 1.5 degrees.

The attainment of this target would require, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), spending about $16.5 trillion on renewables and energy efficiency until 2030. Policies would include incentives for clean energy production, scaling back support for fossil fuels like oil, making emissions more costly and reducing deforestation. Carbon pricing through markets or taxes, planting trees, burning biomass instead of fossil fuels are some among the tools to be used. The accord is not legally binding but relies on rigorous monitoring rules to secure transparency.

The agreement’s paramount aim is to pass the message that fossil fuels carry financial and legal premiums while clean energy is subsidised. It will take effect in 2020 provided that it is ratified by 55 countries accounting for 55% of emissions. A key feature of the deal is that developed nations committed $100 billion in annual aid to the developing nations so as to overcome the inevitable tensions that undermined past efforts to control emissions.

The effective implementation of this accord is fraught with dangers of economic as well as political nature, inherent in any endeavor that involves many players and spans over a long period of time. Here we shall focus on two such factors which have recently reasserted themselves, namely the volatility of the price of oil and growing geopolitical uncertainties.

Recently the world experienced a precipitous fall in oil prices. The slowdown in energy demand, as a result of weaker growth in emerging markets as well as the switch of the Chinese economy to a more diversified and less energy-intensive growth model, largely explain this development suggesting that the market for oil will eventually rebalance via higher demand and lower growth of supply. The supply response is more uncertain than demand – which sooner or later will pick up – as it depends on the policies of OPEC as well as of non-OPEC producers.

According to IEA estimates, more resilient non-OPEC supply and higher Middle East output could hold the oil price close to $50/bbl until the 2020’s. However, an investment slowdown in the oil industry – in response to low prices – will tend to increase the risk of a sharp market rebound destabilising the market.

Crucially, a prolonged period of lower prices would undermine support for the energy transition by stimulating oil use and diminishing the case for efficiency investment and switching to alternative sources. Policymakers will, therefore, have to adjust market rules, policies and subsidies so as to maintain the momentum towards cleaner energy. In order to minimise the additional fiscal cost that this will entail governments should ring-fence policies against potentially large market swings.

If the world stays the course, renewables are set to become the leading source of new energy supply by 2040. In the U.S. and India renewable-based power generation will represent about 25%, in China and Japan 30%, and in the EU 50% (IEA estimates).

Besides sharp swings in the oil price, the other major threat to the transition process concerns energy security. Geopolitical risks are rising, particularly in areas which hold strategic positions in the global energy map. Russia is attempting to restore its former great-power status by taking action in areas traditionally claimed by the Russian and Soviet empires, such as Ukraine, and intervening militarily in Syria. NATO is redeploying forces close to East European frontiers while a serious incident at the Turkish-Syrian borders led to the downfall of a Russian military aircraft and the loss of the life of one pilot.

In the Middle East itself, the process of resolving the Palestinian question is frozen, Syria is in the middle of a horrendous civil war and other Arab countries, like Libya, are in turmoil as a consequence of the destabilising effects of the Arab Spring. The only bright spot is the eventual re-integration of Iran into the international system as a result of the nuclear deal, although this is inflaming the Sunni-Shia rivalry involving major powers like Saudi Arabia.

Low oil prices, by concentrating global supply to low-cost but unstable Middle East producers, would aggravate energy security. In a conference organised in early December by the Bosphorus Energy Club in Turkey talks focused on security and the future of the gas relationship with Russia. The history of major gas pipelines planned to be constructed in the area covering Russia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East indicates the existence of unresolved, economic and geopolitical, conflicts. The Nabucco pipeline, linking Azerbaijan with Austria via Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary, was abandoned in June 2013. The South Stream, linking Russia with Austria via Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia, was cancelled in December 2014. The Russian Stream, linking Russia with Turkey, was abandoned in December 2015.

Conflicts or accidents may disrupt supply flows and destabilise markets as viciously as market forces. The world’s governments should be watchful and pro-active in both the economic and political sphere so as to ensure a smooth passage to clean energy – fulfilling thus a vital condition for saving the planet.

IMAGE CREDIT: FLICKR/Takver

 

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SNCF v Commission
State aid
The General Court confirms that the State aid in the sum of € 503 million granted by France to Sernam and conditionally approved by the Commission in an earlier decision was wrongfully implemented

Spain v Commission
State aid
The General Court annuls the Commission’s decision that the Spanish tax lease system is an illegal state aid.