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En Macédoine, alors que les manifestants de l’opposition campent toujours devant le siège du gouvernement pour réclamer la démission du Premier ministre, des discussions plus ou moins discrètes se poursuivent pour sortir de la crise. Le point sur la situation.

A Kárpátalja Megyei Állami Közigazgatási Hivatal oktatásügyi főosztályának jelentése alapján 8962 végzős középiskolai tanuló van idén Kárpátalján. Tavaly valamivel többen, 917O diák szerezte meg az érettségi bizonyítványt – adta hírül a mukachevo.net hírportál május 25-én.

A megyei városok közül a végzősök számát illetően 831 fővel – a hagyományokhoz híven – Ungvár vezet. A második helyet 5OO végzőssel Munkács foglalja el. A huszti középiskolákban 256 tanuló végez, Beregszászban 2O3, míg Csapon 72 középiskolai végzőst számlálnak. Az adatok – az országban uralkodó helyzet miatt – nem véglegesek, még változhatnak.

A legtöbb végzős járási viszonylatban a Técsői járásban van: 1480 érettségiző diákkal büszkélkedhetnek.

A járási iskolák végzőseinek a száma a következőképpen alakul: Beregszászi járás – 331, Nagybereznai – 184, Nagyszőlősi – 828, Volóci – 139, Ilosvai – 841, Ökörmezői – 357, Munkácsi – 5O9, Perecsenyi – 148, Huszti – 774, Rahói – 944, Ungvári – 340, Szolyvai – 233.

Az érmesek száma még nem dőlt el, hiszen erről biztosat csak az érettségi vizsgák eredménye után tudhatunk.

Az aranyéremre felterjesztett diákok száma az idén 417 fő a tavalyi 475-tel szemben. Ezüstéremre 149 diákot terjesztettek fel a tavalyi 155-tel szemben.

Kárpátalja.ma

PwC PriceWaterhouseCoopers: Frankfurt am Main (ots) - Die Mehrheit der heutigen Selfmade-Milliardäre hat ihr Vermögen in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten aufgebaut, weltweit insgesamt über 3,6 Billionen Dollar. In Europa stammt rund die Hälfte der Milliardäre aus der ...

BELGRÁD. A háborús bűnökkel vádolt Vojislav Seseljt a szerb kormánynak május 26-án vagy a lehető legrövidebb időn belül át kell adnia a holland hatóságoknak - olvasható abban a kérelemben, amelyet a szerb igazságügyi minisztérium hétfő késő délután kapott meg, a szerb sajtó pedig kedden ismertetett.

Giordano Bruno Stiftung: Berlin (ots) - Der Philosoph und Vorstandssprecher der Giordano-Bruno-Stiftung, Michael Schmidt-Salomon, hat seine Beteiligung am Festakt zur Verleihung eines Tierschutzpreises an den australischen Philosophen Peter Singer abgesagt. Grund war ein ...

Since time immemorial, North Africa has been a land of rebellion and resistance against foreign invaders and illegitimate rulers. Today’s armed extremism is more complex, with its indiscriminate targeting and ever-expanding effects. Widespread international connections, effective use of communication technologies and a vast reservoir for recruitment, have made the Maghreb radical movements a lethal and durable threat not only to North Africa itself, but increasingly to the weak states of the Sahel and the wider Mediterranean region.

It is now over 15 years since extremist groups first took arms against the Algerian government after the flawed 1992 parliamentary elections. The long lifespan of this armed extremism is exceptional, as are the widespread local, regional and international connections of the extremist groups and their continued attraction for large segments of the population – not only among disenfranchised youth.

The extremists have demonstrated a particularly strong capacity to resist professional governmental forces, enabling them to carry out individual and mass killings of innocent citizens. No one is left to feel safe; local Muslim populations are targeted as well as foreigners, rural as well as urban populations, and women as well as men. Among the characteristics of the Maghreb’s violent extremists are extraordinary capacities to move foot soldiers and equipment across borders and organise hostage takings and other sophisticated attacks. The business of hostage taking and the long, often dubious, negotiations that follow enable the terrorist organisation to gain publicity and funds, making the payment of ransoms one of terrorists’ main sources of financing.

One of their objectives is to get local recognition, even through fear or disgust, so as to compete with other terror groups operating in the same area. Most violent extremist movements have repeatedly  demonstrated an extraordinary ability to develop successful and appealing modern communication policies. Regardless of the political contradictions, they do not hesitate – if it can help to meet their objectives – to make efficient use of tribal systems they often denounce. Western governments underestimated this capacity to reach out to local populations and mobilise recruits among foreign youth.

“Even with migration to Europe or elsewhere, youth unemployment remains high”

For the last few years, barely a week goes by without a headline on terrorist activity in North Africa. Armed violence has become part of daily life. The most recent violence included the bloody attack on tourists visiting the Bardo Museum in Tunis this past March, when almost 20 people, mostly tourists, became innocent victims. The assassination of the French climber Hervé Gourdel last autumn in eastern Algeria was another cold-blooded killing by the “Caliphate Soldiers”, a jihadist group affiliated to the Daesh, or the Islamic State. The raid on a gas plant at In Amenas, Algeria, in January 2012, should be a permanent reminder of how determined and well-organised these terrorist groups are. That spectacular military-style operation was meant to grab attention in the international media, with the ultimate objective of gaining an edge over competitors in AQIM (Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb).

Libya is in turmoil after years of irresponsible governance that has planted the seeds of extremism within its own territory and around all its borders. The chaos that followed the demise of Muammar Gaddafi continues to generate instability. There are roaming radical elements, including from Daesh and its Al-Qaeda-affiliated rivals; flows of all kinds of weapons; trafficking in drugs, migrants, cigarettes and more.

Looking back at an almost quarter-century of armed violence in the Maghreb, one cannot but ask why there has been so much blood letting and destruction of vital economic infrastructure. The root causes of the entrenched extremism and armed violence in the Maghreb lie, as in many other parts of the world, in a combination of causes. While some are not unique to the region, a few are specific to North Africa.

“Ineffective governance is a leading cause of the enduring armed violence”

The major causes of the structured armed extremism include: inadequate governance; strong demographic growth not matched by a robust economy; massive internal migration to overcrowded cities; inadequate education system; neglect of citizens’ aspirations especially in housing, water and health; and deep frustration over the lack of a credible future. These causes are exacerbated by weak or non-existent economic, political and security cooperation between the main regional powers – Algeria and Morocco.

Ineffective governance is a leading cause of the enduring armed violence. With restricted space for free debate, limited economic prospects and the heritage of their freedom-fighter fathers, many young people, especially Algerians, engaged in radical activities. They went as far away as Afghanistan, where many served as volunteer combatants after the Soviet invasion of 1979. In a much more limited number, Tunisians and Moroccans went also to fight in Afghanistan, and their return introduced armed radicals to the Maghreb. External funding from individuals in other Muslim countries reinforced their capacities.

The failings of Algeria’s 1992 parliamentary election and the subsequent frustration over the results encouraged these returnees to take up arms against their own government. They engaged in a merciless uprising. More than 10 years of civil saw over 100,000 deaths. Many observers date the beginnings of today’s insecurity in the Maghreb and the Sahel to that period.

Despite economic progress, the three main North African countries have been unable to meet the aspirations of their young people. Even with migration to Europe or elsewhere, youth unemployment remains high. By combatting terrorists at home, the Algerians pushed them further south into the Sahel exposing the fragile states of Mali, Mauritania and Niger to a brutal new terrorist threat. Without French intervention, Mali would have fallen to the combatants in January 2013.

Finally, the deficit in security cooperation between Algeria and Morocco and their decades-old struggle for pre-eminence continues to hinder a credible fight against armed extremism in the Maghreb. Unable to stabilise Libya, the two sister states may, unwillingly, be strengthening armed extremism and helping it expand further, to Mediterranean Europe after the havoc it has already brought to the Sahel.

 

IMAGE CREDIT: CC / FLICKR – UNHCR

The post The root causes of extremist movements in North Africa appeared first on Europe’s World.

Aujourd’hui dans le septentrion de notre pays, les motos de marque ‘’Sanili’’ sèment le ravage. Elles sont utilisées par des indicateurs et éclaireurs des rebelles qui  sont fondus dans les populations des agglomérations. Difficile de les distinguer de la population autochtone. Surtout que dans cette partie de notre territoire, le moyen de transport le plus […]

Pavlo Rozenko szociálpolitikai miniszter szerint a média félreértelmezte szavait, miszerint Ukrajnában a következő másfél évben nem emelik a nyugdíj összegét – tette közzé a tsn.ua május 23-án.

A miniszter hangsúlyozta, hogy a nyugdíj- és béremelést decemberre tervezik, mivel az állami költségvetés szerint akkortól 13 százalékkal nő a létminimum összege.

– A kormány addig is keresi a további forrásokat, hogy már korábban megoldhassa az életszínvonal emelésének kérdését – tette hozzá Rozenko.

Kárpátalja.ma

Treize policiers sont « portés disparus » après une attaque des islamistes somaliens shebab dans le nord du Kenya, dans la région de Garissa, proche de la frontière avec la Somalie, a annoncé mardi à l’AFP le porte-parole de la police, George Kinoti. « Il y a eu une embuscade contre des policiers en patrouille, treize officiers sont […]

Elmarad a keddi angol klub ma a Fodó Sándor Kulturális Központban. Az alkalom még kétszer kerül megrendezésre: június 2-án és 9-én. Szeretettel várjuk az érdeklődőket!

Pro Cultura Subcarpathica

http://tvnewsroom.consilium.europa.eu/uploads/council-images/thumbs/uploads/council-images/remote/http_7e18a1c646f5450b9d6d-a75424f262e53e74f9539145894f4378.r8.cf3.rackcdn.com/c95c12c4-bcfb-11e4-ba51-bc764e08d9b2_321.13_thumb_169_1432207341_1432207341_129_97shar_c1.jpg

EU Ministers of European Affairs, Industry, Research and related areas meet in Brussels on 28-29 May 2015 to discuss topics such as the cohesion and deepening of the internal market, the digitalisation of the intra-EU trade and the common research area, digital single market strategy, package travels, the possibility of creation of a new European form of single-member private limited liability companies, and consumer product safety and market surveillance.

Download this video here.

Sur une initiative personnelle de Mme Seck Oumou Sall, maire de Goundam et présidente du Mouvement Trait d’Union, une mission de médiation composée par elle-même, Mamadou Togo de l’Association Dina Dogon et  Amadou Tékété de la société civile, a permis de libérer 10 combattants de la milice d’autodéfense Gandakoye des mains de la Coordination des […]

Yapital Financial AG: Luxemburg (ots/PRNewswire) - Kinotickets- und Snacks via Yapital App deutschlandweit bei CinemaxX bezahlen / Einfache Rückgabe von Auslagen: Mit Yapital kostenfrei Geld senden Action-Film oder romantische Komödie? Popcorn, Nachos oder eine Tüte ...

Verband des eZigarettenhandels e.V.: Seevetal (ots) - Die englische Nichtraucherschutz-Organisation ASH sieht in der eZigarette eine große Chance für Raucher, von der Tabakzigarette loszukommen. Die Nutzerzahlen steigen. Aktuell gibt es 2,6 Mio eZigarettennutzer in Großbritannien. ...

Márciusban indult Szabadkán egy félévesre tervezett hangversenyciklus abból az alkalomból, hogy ötszáz évvel ezelőtt született avilai Szent Teréz, a város legnagyobb templomának névadója, és hogy 330 évvel ezelőtt látta meg a napvilágot minden idők egyik legjelentősebb zeneszerzője, Johann Sebastian Bach. A koncertek közül kettő már megvalósult: március 20-án a budapesti Pálúr János és tanítványai adtak egy nagy sikerű orgonahangversenyt, április 26-án pedig Bach János-passiójának kitűnő előadásában gyönyörködhettek a komolyzene kedvelői.

Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA): Nürnberg (ots) - Internationale Stakeholder Conference am 26. und 27. Mai 2015 in Brüssel - öffentliche Arbeitsmarktservices in Europa wollen alle Kräfte zur Bekämpfung der Arbeitslosigkeit in Europa bündeln Neue Konzepte und Ideen zur Bekämpfung ...

Nagra: Wettingen (ots) - Nach 18 Jahren bauen Wissenschafter im Nagra-Felslabor Grimsel einen Versuchsbehälter aus dem Stollen aus. Damit endet das bisher längste 1:1-Demonstrationsexperiment, das in der Tiefenlagerforschung durchgeführt worden ist. Bei ...

Skoda Auto Deutschland GmbH: Mlada Boleslav (ots) - - Typisch SKODA: neuer Superb Combi mit bestem Raumangebot seiner Klasse - Design: emotional, expressiv, dynamisch-elegant, ausgewogene Proportionen - Simply Clever: mehr Platz, Komfort und Sicherheit; mehr ...

Schwabe, Ley & Greiner: Wien/Mannheim (ots) - Die Mehrheit der Unternehmens-Treasurer in Deutschland erwartet noch ein längeres Anhalten der Niedrigzinsphase. 36 Prozent rechnen damit, dass der 3-Monats-Euribor auch Ende 2016, also in eineinhalb Jahren, im negativen ...

Following the recent UK election, Britain seems poised for a referendum on EU membership as early as 2016. This will have long-term implications for the defence and security landscape at a time of exceptional instability. This is an opportune moment to reflect upon and consider Britain’s relationship with its continental European partners and government priorities moving forward.

During the recent UK general election campaign, Conservative leader David Cameron promised to hold a referendum on EU membership if re-elected as Prime Minister. Following Cameron’s surprise victory at the polls, the country now seems poised for a vote on the issue as early as 2016.[i] Leaders in the financial sector have expressed concern that such a referendum will pose a significant threat to Britain’s economic stability. Bank of England Governor, Mark Carney recently echoed these sentiments when he called for a ‘speedy resolution of the European question.’[ii] Brexit also poses equally great challenges for defence and security.

The United Kingdom has long had a complicated and problematic relationship with continental Europe. Over the centuries, Britain has relied on its position as an island nation in order to remain aloof from unnecessary continental entanglements and alliances. As a global superpower, the UK was able to draw upon its colonial possessions to help bolster its defences. During WWI and WWII, manpower and resources from the Dominion countries and colonies helped Britain to punch well above its weight. With the decline of empire, the UK has fostered strong political and military ties to the United States. However, Britain has never been able to remain wholly detached from its European neighbours nor can it afford to do so now.

The British Armed Forces are the smallest that they have been since the mid nineteenth century.[iii] The defence budget has also been subject to severe cuts. In light of the recent Conservative landslide, Professor Malcolm Chalmers of the Royal United Services Institute has predicted that the, ‘Ministry of Defence (MoD) might get a real terms increase in its total budget of up to 1 per cent per year over the next Spending Review period.’[iv] Be that as it may, defence spending is still set to drop below 2% of GDP over the next few years.[v] Britain’s failure to meet its NATO commitment has strained relations with the United States. Earlier this year, US Army Chief of Staff General Raymond Odierno expressed, ‘his concerns about the impact of UK defence cuts on the level of UK-US military cooperation.’[vi] In an interview with BBC Radio 4 in early 2014, ex-US defence secretary Robert Gates similarly commented that, ‘With the fairly substantial reductions in defence spending in Britain, what we’re finding is that it [the UK] won’t have full spectrum capabilities and the ability to be a full partner as they have been in the past.’[vii] These developments come at a time of exceptional instability, both within Europe and globally.

Since Russia’s intervention in Ukraine, the stability of Eastern Europe has come into question. The authors of SDSR 2010 did not predict that state on state conflict would pose a major threat to European security in the foreseeable future.[viii] However, British authorities have been forced to rethink these conclusions in light of Russia’s actions. In a recent report, the members of the House of Commons Defence Committee argued that, ‘For the first time, since the Second World War, a technologically advanced European power has expanded its own territory by force, rejecting international borders.’[ix] As spending declines elsewhere, the Russian government is also committed to investing heavily in the military with a projected defence budget of close to 100 billion dollars in 2016.[x] Fearing for their own security, the Baltic states (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) have appealed to NATO for the deployment of a permanent contingent of troops to be based in the region.[xi] These demands come at a time when the UK already faces significant security threats such as foreign and domestic terrorism.

Moving forward, it seems more than likely the UK will become increasingly reliant upon a network of strong political and defensive relationships. Many of these alliances will include key European countries like France and Germany. In Rethinking defence to meet new threats, the House of Commons Defence Committee concluded that while, ‘the UK must build on its strong alliance with the United States,’ it is crucial that, ‘European NATO allies are operating at maximum effectiveness.’[xii] Consequently, many commentators have expressed anxiety about a possible British exit from the EU. On the eve of the British election, author and journalist Alex Preston contemplated such an eventuality. He speculated that Brexit could undermine existing intelligence sharing relationships between Britain and its European partners.[xiii] On the other hand, Eurosceptics have argued that leaving the EU would allow the UK to function more effectively and independently both financially and in terms of defence.[xiv]

The British political establishment and the wider public need to think carefully about the UK’s place in the world and how to redefine and re-establish an effective working relationship with Europe. With the growth of nationalistic feeling in both Scotland and England, this will undoubtedly be challenging.[xv] However, decisions regarding Europe are long overdue. For better or worse, there is no doubt that a UK referendum on the EU will have a lasting impact on both the European and global defence landscape.

 

[i] ‘Philip Hammond seeks fast settlement on EU,’ Telegraph (14 May 2015), http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/eureferendum/11607163/Philip-Hammond-No-treaty-change-needed-for-EU-reform.html

[ii] Ibid.

[iii] Tom Rutherford, ‘Defence personnel statistics,’ Social and General Statistics (26 Sept 2014).

[iv] Malcolm Chalmers, ‘Defence and the Election Outcome,’ RUSI Analysis (12 May 2015),

https://www.rusi.org/analysis/commentary/ref:C555209057B7E5/#.VVaEuYrF9fx

[v] House of Commons Defence Committee, Rethinking defence to meet new threats (London: Stationery Office, 24 Mar 2015), pp. 12-13.

[vi] Ibid., p. 18.

[vii] Robert Gates, as quoted in, ‘Military cuts mean “no US partnership” Robert Gates warns Britain,’ BBC News (16 Jan 2014), http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-25754870

[viii] House of Commons Defence Committee, Rethinking defence, p. 3.

[ix] Ibid., p. 13.

[x] Ibid.

[xi] Daniel McLaughlin, ‘Russia decries Baltic states’ plea for NATO brigade,’ Irish Times (14 May 2015), http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/russia-decries-baltic-states-plea-for-nato-brigade-1.2212944.

[xii] House of Commons Defence Committee, Rethinking defence, p. 3.

[xiii] Alex Preston, ‘What would happen if Britain left the EU?’ Guardian (19 Apr 2015), http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/apr/19/what-would-happen-if-britain-left-the-eu-consequences-of-exit

[xiv] Ibid.

[xv] Malcolm Chalmers, ‘Defence and the Election Outcome.’