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ÄNDERUNGSANTRÄGE 1 - 86 - Entwurf einer Stellungnahme zur EU-Afrika-Strategie: ein Ansporn für die Entwicklung
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Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2017 - EP

Serbian media has accused Macedonia of tapping Serb officials’ communications amid an ongoing diplomatic scandal between Belgrade and Skopje.

Drámaíró és színházi műhelyet szervez az esztergomi Kaleidoszkóp Ház Akinek a szó birtokában van, az cselekszik címmel.

Brände haben in Spanien dieses Jahr bereits mehr als 75.000 Hektar Waldfläche zerstört - das ist europäischer Negativrekord. Die Ursachen sind selten natürlicher Art.

The post Spanien: Schlimmste Waldbrände seit fünf Jahren appeared first on EURACTIV.de.

Die neue Afghanistan-Strategie von US-Präsident Donald Trump ist in Deutschland auf ein geteiltes Echo gestoßen.

The post Kehrtwende in der amerikanischen Afghanistan-Strategie appeared first on EURACTIV.de.

  Droga e ardhur në Itali nga Shqipëria ëhstë bërë sërish lajm ditën djeshme. Në 2 operacione të policisë, një në ujëra ndërkombëtarë pranë Leçes dhe një në Akërni të Vlorës, e sekuestruan mbi 1.3 ton drogë kanabis. Ndërkohë policia financiare italiane ka shpërndarë sot një deklaratë për shtypit me detaje të hollësishme mbi gomonen me drogë e nisur nga Shqipëria dhe e kapur në afërsi të brigjeve të provincës së Leçes. Sipas policisë italiane, marijuana e sekuestruar në det kishte një peshë totale 633, 85 kg e cila nëse do të hidhej në treg trafikantët do të përfitonin 6 milionë euro. Në këtë deklatatë për shtyp Guardia di Financa […]

Emmanuel Macron suscite un intérêt inédit outre-Atlantique, où l'on apprécie son pragmatisme.

Ein Haftbefehl über Interpol, wie er auf Betreiben der Türkei gegen den deutschen Schriftsteller Dogan Akhanli besteht, führt nicht automatisch zu Verhaftungen oder gar einer Auslieferung.

The post Der Fall Akhanli: Staaten entscheiden selbst über Interpol-Haftbefehl appeared first on EURACTIV.de.

Details may be slim, but the president nailed the "why" of America's longest war — and boldly went against his political base.

  With Adam Rawnsley A new push in the same forever war. President Donald Trump sought to bury the Obama approach to Afghanistan by adding more troops, erasing timelines, and calling for the defeat of the Taliban. In his prime time speech Monday night, the president refused to say how many more troops he would ...

How did Mikheil Saakashvili go from leader of the Rose Revolution to stateless wanderer?

http://sztetoszkoppalugandaban.blog.hu/

"A kórházba tartó úton a nyers ugandai valóság életképei láthatóak. A machetával vágott banánfa rész biciklire, motorra vagy a nők fejére erősítve, az út szélén legelésző kecskék és tehenek, az éppen a lábánál elkapott malac a bicikli hátsójára kötve valamint a mindenhol és mindent eladó férfiak és nők látványa fedezhető fel. Aminek azonban nyoma nincs Ugandában, az az idegesség, a kapkodás és a sietség. De az idő múlása sem nagyon követhető nyomon."

Tovább a blogra

Après une décennie calamiteuse qui s'est soldée par un plan de sauvetage par l'État, l'ancien fleuron nucléaire français Areva a officiellement quitté, lundi 21 août, la Bourse de Paris. Le groupe a été restructuré en plusieurs entités détenues par l'État ou par EDF.

The forest fires devastating the coastal region of Dalmatia have prompted authorities to sound the alarm for all Croatia’s firefighting units.

Fin d'été houleuse pour Muriel Pénicaud, la ministre du Travail, interpellée par les députés macronistes sur la réduction des emplois aidés...

A légi közlekedés biztonságához kapcsolódó, több szakterületet érintő tudományos kutatási és kísérleti fejlesztési programot indított a Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem.

I would like to take a look at the factual and legal aspects of Russia´s aggression against Ukraine´s territorial integrity in early 2014. Indeed, to what extent has the international law been violated and what are the consequences?

 

In February 2014 Russian authorities used the internal political conflict in Ukraine to deprive the Ukrainian state of its control over Crimea by attacking the Crimean Parliament and blocking the peninsula’s infrastructure as well as power ministries´ units with “unidentifiable” “green men”, which later turned out to be Russian military and security forces. Further, a fake, internationally condemned, referendum with rigged results was held in order to give the affair a flair of justice, and to absorb Crimea with apparently legal means.

 

As far as the relations between Russia and Ukraine are concerned, they are contained in a number of bi- and multilateral agreements.  The 1994 Budapest memorandum was concluded providing Ukraine with security assurances for giving up Soviet nuclear weapons. USA, UK, Russia committed to “respect the Independence and Sovereignty and the existing borders of Ukraine” and reaffirmed their obligation to refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of Ukraine, and that none of their weapons will ever be used against Ukraine except in self-defense or otherwise in accordance with the Charter of the UN.

 

The Constituent Act of the Community of Independent States of 1991 set out the principles of respect of the existing borders, with Russia relinquishing any challenge to them.  In 1997 the Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership, and the Black Sea Fleet Status of Forces Agreement, prolonged until 2042 in 2010 by the so-called Kharkiv Accords, were concluded between Russia and Ukraine, reaffirming again the inviolability of the borders between both states.

 

Kremlin claims the legality of its actions under two concepts of international law: the protection of nationals abroad (Articles 2(4) and 51 UN Charta) and intervention upon invitation. Both, upon consideration, don’t find factual support for referring to. Rhetorical claims of Putin have no legal value and can not supplement existing case law and international practice.

 

General Assembly Resolution A/RES/68/262 of 27.3.2014, adopted with 100 votes,

58 abstentions, and 11 No-votes, has called upon states not to recognize any alteration to the status of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.  Russia violated the following United Nations Charter provisions:

- Article 1.1: UN´s purpose is to maintain international peace and security.

- Article 2.3: All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.

- The use of force is prohibited (Article 2.4), as is intervening in another state’s domestic affairs and territory (Article 2.7).

- Armed intervention is only justified when mandated by the UN Security Council under Chapter VII or in case of self-defence.

 

The EU´s reactions include diplomatic sanctions adopted by the EU (the unilateral suspension of visa facilitation talks, negotiations on the New Agreement, and the EU-Russia Summit); level 2 restrictive measures based on Article 29 TEU (CFSP Decision) + Article 215 TFEU (Regulation); and level 3 economic sanctions (e.g. arms, oil, gas and other trade embargoes).

 
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) suspended the accession process of Russia and began strengthening ties with Ukraine. The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly has accused Russia of the breach of the basic principles laid down in 1975 Helsinki Final Act, 1990 Charter of Paris for a New Europe, and condemned Russian actions in Ukraine in 2014 “Baku Declaration” and in 2015 “Helsinki Declaration”.

 
The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), declaring that Russia’s annexation of Crimea was “in clear contradiction with the Statute of the Council of Europe” and the commitments Russia made, when it joined the organisation in 1996, has decided to suspend the voting rights of the Russian delegation, as well as its right to be represented in the Assembly’s leading bodies, and its right to participate in election observation missions. In its resolution, adopted by 145 votes in favour, 21 against and 22 abstentions, the PACE Assembly stated that the military occupation of Ukrainian territory, threat of military force, recognition of the illegal referendum and annexation of Crimea “constitute, beyond any doubt, a grave violation of international law”.

 
Ukraine pursues many courses of action. Thus it has filed a claim at the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, but the options beyond this are limited, lawyers agree. Russia does not recognise the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice, while its position as a Permanent Member of the UN Security Council means little chance of formal UN sanctions given its possession of the veto. Ukraine intensified its cooperation with partner states, EU, NATO, Visegrad, etc. thus adopting a clear European course and building a significant coalition of states.

 
This case raises structural questions regarding the development of international law. If the conflict is not solved promptly, it may serve as a precedence and justification for further violation of legal practice, bringing uncertainty, potential chaos and unenforceability into any international agreement.

 
Calls for reforms in the UN Security Council composition, procedures and competences intensify since 2014, and if not attended to, may lead to further de-legitimisation of the UNO.

 
Besides, we witness qualitative and quantitative proliferation and legalization of the “hybrid war” methods, by military masking the uniforms or mercenaries, but also through manipulation, propaganda and fakes, with growing significance of populistic rhetoric for legitimizing the breach of legal norms, irrespective of factual background and international law.

 
Russia´s actions have a transformatory influence on international politics and institutions, since giving up or non-proliferation of the nuclear weapons in return for guarantees has lost its credibility.

 
Given the usual lack of legal remedies in international relations, the value of international commitments fell sharply. This fall is exacerbated by unwillingness of the guarantor states, EU, NATO, UNO, OSCE and other entities to address the conflict in a serious manner in order to provide for effective remedies for law and treaty enforcement, de-occupation and de-escalation of aggression.

 

By annexing Crimea Russia raised fundamental questions about the principles of world order. For Russia itself the annexation is a watershed event, which dramatically intensifies the internal political and economic burdens, that Russia’s authoritarian regime is faced with. In the long run, many scholars predict disintegration of the Russian Federation territory into more cohesive legal entities in accordance with economic, socio-cultural, ethnic and historical legacies, all according to the “principles” Russia itself set in motion in 2014.

 

A. Svetlov

The post The post – Crimean world: Russia´s annexation and its consequences. appeared first on Ideas on Europe.